Figure 3.

Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy for keratin protein and IL-1β in the hindpaw skin after intraplantar injection of substance P (SP). Kertain protein (a keratinocyte marker) (green), and IL-1β (red) are shown in control rats (top row of panels), and at 1 h (second row), 3 h (third row), and 6 h (fourth row) after intraplantar injection of 25 μg SP. Increased IL-1β staining was observed in keratinocytes at 1 h and 3 h after SP injection, resolving by 6 h, which corresponds to the time course observed using EIA assays in hindpaw skin homogenates (Figure 2). Scale bar = 20 μm.