Table 2.

Bias assessment by study summary

Study name	Sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding	Incomplete outcomes	Selective outcomes	Other sources
Alvarez	No	No	No	No	NA	NA
Bae	No	No	No	No	Yes	NA
Buchbinder	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	NA
De Negri	No	NA	NA	NA	Yes	NA
Diamond	No	No	No	Yes	No	NA
Dong	No	No	No	No	NA	NA
Grohs	No	NA	NA	NA	Yes	NA
Kallmes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	NA
KasperkGrafe	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	NA
Klazen	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	NA
Komp	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Kumar	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	NA
Liu	Yes	Yes	NA	Yes	No	NA
Lovi	No	NA	NA	Yes	Yes	No
Movrin	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Pflugmacher	No	NA	NA	Yes	Yes	NA
Rollinghoff	No	NA	NA	Yes	Yes	NA
Rousing	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	NA
Santiago	No	NA	NA	No	No	No
Schofer	No	No	No	No	Yes	NA
Vormoolen	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	NA
Wardlaw	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	NA