Table 2.

Putative Hsp70 roles in MS pathogenesis.

	Proposed Hsp70 roles in MS	References
CNS	Cytoprotection of neurons and oligodendrocytes after inflammatory stress conditions (cytokines, ROS, free radicals, etc.)	55,63,64,68–71
Immune system
APC	Maturation (MHC and costimulatory molecules expression)	76,89,90
	Proinflammatory cytokine secretion triggered by Hsp70-TLR interaction (innate response)	76,85–88
	Presentation of MBP-Hsp70 and PLP-Hsp70 complexes by MHC-I or -II molecules (adaptive response)	98–100
T cells	Generation of Hsp70-specific T cells by cross-reactivity with bacterial and endogenous Hsp70	116–119
	Induction of adaptive immune responses against MBP-Hsp70 and PLP-Hsp70 complexes presented by APC	98–100
B cells	Anti-Hsp70 humoral response (anti-Hsp70 antibodies)	119,132–134
γδ T cells	Death of oligodendrocytes mediated by activation of γδ T cell cytotoxicity	104,105
NK cells	Immunoregulation mediated by NKG2D receptor	101,102

ROS, reactive oxygen species.