Table 1.
Frequency (%) of chronic respiratory diseases in never-smokers by sociodemographic characteristics
| Characteristic | Total N = 732 (100%) |
COPD N = 25 (3.4%) |
P-value | Chronic bronchitis N = 86 (11.8%) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region | 0.030 | <0.001 | |||
| Beirut | 89 | 8.0% | 6.0% | ||
| Mount Lebanon | 308 | 2.8% | 7.0% | ||
| North Lebanon | 149 | 3.5% | 15.1% | ||
| South Lebanon | 105 | 12.5% | 28.3% | ||
| Bekaa Plain | 81 | 2.3% | 12.7% | ||
| Sex | 0.178 | 0.184 | |||
| Male | 248 | 3.3% | 9.9% | ||
| Female | 482 | 6.0% | 13.4% | ||
| Age | <0.001* | <0.001* | |||
| 40–44 years | 160 | 1.5% | 5.1% | ||
| 45–49 years | 130 | 2.9% | 2.4% | ||
| 50–54 years | 101 | 5.5% | 13.4% | ||
| 55–59 years | 90 | 6.7% | 11.5% | ||
| 60–64 years | 78 | 15.4% | 14.1% | ||
| 65 years and more | 173 | 2.9% | 24.9% | ||
| Marital status | 0.076 | 0.001 | |||
| Married | 570 | 4.9% | 10.0% | ||
| Single | 75 | 0 | 17.3% | ||
| Widow/divorced | 80 | 10% | 23.7% | ||
| Education | 0.141 | <0.001 | |||
| Never been to school | 77 | 6.3% | 30.7% | ||
| Primary or less | 132 | 8.2% | 17.5% | ||
| Complementary or less | 140 | 3.5% | 11.8% | ||
| Secondary or less | 150 | 7.6% | 9.2% | ||
| University degree | 226 | 2.6% | 5.4% | ||
| Work status | 0.373 | 0.001 | |||
| Currently working | 378 | 3.7% | 7.6% | ||
| Retired | 81 | 5.7% | 14.1% | ||
| Not finding a job | 5 | 0 | 20.0% | ||
| Does never work | 266 | 6.8% | 17.6% | ||
| Height in cm M (SD)** | 732 | 161.86 (9.02) | 0.030 | 160.51 (10.43) | <0.001 |
Notes:
*
Trend tests were used;
**
student’s t-test was used to compare between healthy and unhealthy individuals. In healthy individuals, M = 165.94 and SD = 8.84.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; M, mean; SD, standard deviation.