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. 2012 Sep 13;7:597–605. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S30664

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© 2012 van der Merwe and Molfino, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

Lipopolysaccharide/TLR4 signalling lipopolysaccharide recognition.

Notes: Overview of LPS/TLR4 signalling LPS recognition is facilitated by lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and CD14, and is mediated by TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex. LPS/TLR4 signalling can be separated into MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways, which mediate the activation of proinflammatory cytokine and type I interferon genes. Copyright © 2008, Elsevier. Reprinted with permission from Lu YC, Yeh WC, Ohashi PS. LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway. Cytokine. 2008;42(4):145–151.⁹

Abbreviations: LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LBP, ligand-binding protein; CD, cluster of differentiation; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; TIRAP, toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein; TRIF, toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-b; TRAM, TRIF-related adaptor molecule; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa beta.