Table 1.
Fatty acid composition (wt%) in heart of rats after 50 weeks of diet administration
| |
|
Dietary supplementationa |
Statistical significance of variance ratio (P)b, effects of |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | TTA | FO | TTA + FO | TTA | FO | TTA*FO | |
| Total FA (μg/g tissue) |
22196 ± 2706c |
24087 ± 1394 |
22578 ± 1503 |
24185 ± 1613 |
0.002 |
0.66 |
0.79 |
| C16:0 |
11.1 ± 1.3 |
11.0 ± 1.1 |
10.0 ± 1.2 |
10.8 ± 0.6 |
0.25 |
0.05 |
0.22 |
| C18:0 |
19.7 ± 1.2 |
18.8 ± 1.1 |
19.8 ± 1.1 |
18.9 ± 0.9 |
0.005 |
0.55 |
1.00 |
| MUFA |
10.2 ± 3.6 |
11.2 ± 3.1 |
8.4 ± 3.0 |
6.7 ± 2.6 |
0.70 |
0.001 |
0.14 |
| C16:1n-7 |
0.24 ± 0.11 |
0.32 ± 0.11 |
0.21 ± 0.10 |
0.16 ± 0.09 |
0.70 |
0.002 |
0.03 |
| C18:1n-7 |
2.6 ± 0.1 |
1.8 ± 0.2 |
2.4 ± 0.2 |
2.1 ± 0.2 |
<0.001 |
0.79 |
<0.001 |
| C16:1n-9 |
0.10 ± 0.05 |
0.15 ± 0.04 |
0.11 ± 0.06 |
0.10 ± 0.04 |
0.27 |
0.13 |
0.09 |
| C18:1n-9 (OA) |
6.9 ± 3.4 |
8.5 ± 2.9 |
5.2 ± 2.7 |
3.9 ± 2.3 |
0.85 |
<0.001 |
0.08 |
| C20:3n-9 (MA) |
0.10 ± 0.01 |
0.55 ± 0.28 |
0.06 ± 0.01 |
0.05 ± 0.01 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| C18:2n-6 (LA) |
15.7 ± 1.0 |
17.2 ± 2.0 |
9.2 ± 1.0 |
5.8 ± 1.2 |
0.03 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| C18:3n-3 (ALA) |
0.15 ± 0.06 |
0.20 ± 0.06 |
0.14 ± 0.06 |
0.10 ± 0.06 |
0.57 |
0.004 |
0.02 |
| C18:4n-3 |
0.4 ± 0.3k |
0.3 ± 0.3k |
82.8 ± 38.0k |
89.4 ± 30.4k |
0.64 |
<0.001 |
0.64 |
| TTA |
ND |
2.8 ± 1.0 |
ND |
1.7 ± 0.5 |
|
|
|
| TTA:1n-8 |
ND |
0.79 ± 0.49 |
ND |
0.12 ± 0.04 |
|
|
|
| n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratio |
0.39 ± 0.04 |
0.55 ± 0.13 |
1.6 ± 0.2 |
3.9 ± 1.1 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| Δ5 desaturase index (n-6)d |
49.0 ± 4.6 |
9.8 ± 1.8 |
38.5 ± 5.8 |
10.6 ± 1.5 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| Δ5 desaturase index (n-3)e |
2.6 ± 0.4 |
4.2 ± 0.7 |
24.5 ± 4.3 |
36.4 ± 7.0 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| Δ6 desaturase index (n-6)f |
1.1 ± 0.4k |
2.6 ± 0.7k |
2.5 ± 0.7k |
7.9 ± 2.0k |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| Δ6 desaturase index (n-3)g |
2.7 ± 2.3k |
1.7 ± 1.4k |
0.61 ± 0.10 |
0.94 ± 0.19 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| Δ9 desaturase index (C16)h |
0.02 ± 0.01 |
0.03 ± 0.01 |
0.02 ± 0.01 |
0.01 ± 0.01 |
0.73 |
0.001 |
0.003 |
| Δ9 desaturase index (C18)i |
0.36 ± 0.22 |
0.46 ± 0.18 |
0.27 ± 0.16 |
0.21 ± 0.14 |
0.71 |
0.001 |
0.13 |
| Anti-inflammatory indexj | 68.8 ± 6.7 | 155 ± 37.6 | 274 ± 50.1 | 866 ± 234 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: TTA, tetradecylthioacetic acid; FO, fish oil; FA, fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; OA, oleic acid; MA, mead acid; LA, linoleic acid; ALA, α-linolenic acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; ND, not detectable.
a n=12 in each group.
b P-values from two-way ANOVA.
c Values are mean ± SD.
d C20:4n-6/C20:3n-6 (an indirect index of Δ5 desaturase activity based on n-6 PUFA).
e C20:5n-3/C20:4n-3 (an indirect index of Δ5 desaturase activity based on n-3 PUFA).
f C18:3n-6/C18:2n-6 (an indirect index of Δ6 desaturase activity based on n-6 PUFA).
g C18:4n-3/C18:3n-3 (an indirect index of Δ6 desaturase activity based on n-3 PUFA).
h C16:1n-7/C16:0 (an indirect index of Δ9 desaturase activity based on C16 SFA/MUFA).
i C18:1n-9/C18:0 (an indirect index of Δ9 desaturase activity based on C18 SFA/MUFA).
j ((C22:6n-3 + C22:5n-3 + C20:3n-6 + C20:5n-3)/C20:4n-6)*100.
k Values are *10-3.