Table 5. Univariate analysis^* of factors associated with Bartonella PCR detection in Iraqi canids.

Variable	Category	No. (%) PCR positive	Odds ratio	95% CI	p-value
SPECIES	Wild canid	7 (7)	Reference
	Dog	36 (37)	7.5	3.14–17.96	<0.001
SEX	Female	15 (25)	Reference
	Male	27 (25)	1.04	0.50–2.14	0.926
AGE	Young	2 (6)	Reference
	Adult	37 (29)	6.37	1.45–28.0	0.006
LOCATION	Outside Baghdad	9 (15)	Reference
	Baghdad	34 (26)	2.01	0.89–4.50	0.088

^*Via logistic regression, with proportion PCR positive, odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and chi-square p-values.