Table 2.
Top MAM-associated KEGG pathways in mouse brain | Genes | Phenotype | miR-1/miR- 133A-regulated in human cancers* |
---|---|---|---|
Pathways in cancer | 13 | CC | Yes |
Wnt signaling | 10 | AD, CC | Yes |
Insulin signaling | 9 | AD, ALS | |
Purine metabolism | 9 | ||
Prostate cancer | 8 | CC | |
MAPK signaling | 7 | AD, CC | Yes |
Melanogenesis | 6 | PD? CC | |
Neurotrophin signaling | 6 | AD | |
Focal adhesion | 6 | AD, CC | Yes |
Chemokine signaling | 5 | AD | Yes |
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | 5 | AD | |
Calcium-signaling pathway | 4 | AD, CC | Yes |
Top brain KEGG pathways (derived from 443 MAM-modulated genes) and the number of MAM-modulated genes and human diseases associated with each pathway. AD, Alzheimer disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CC, colon cancer; PD, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (modified from Kisby et al., 2011a). The right-hand column shows the biological processes or signaling pathways potentially regulated by the miR-1/miR-133a cluster in human cancers examined by *Nohata et al. (2012). Additional signaling pathways in Nohata and colleagues’ top 20 included those related to the glutamatergic synapse and axon guidance, both of which are perturbed by MAM.