Figure 3.
The effects of age on wild-type and hdp2 leg muscles. (A) Walking ability of hdp2 (▪), Oregon-R (♦), hdp2; D53/+ (×) and hdp2; D53/D53 (▴). ‘Seconds’ is mean time (10 tests/sample) for 50% of flies to walk upwards > 80 mm. Error bars ± 1 SD. (B-D) Electron micrographs of the proximal apodeme (ap) of femur from 12-day-old (B) wild-type, (C) hdp2, and (D) hdp2; D53/+ males. In hdp2 flies a few muscles were structurally normal (compare arrows in B and C), but some were detached (arrowhead) and with most of the others showed degenerative changes with intracellular vacuoles (*) and electron dense staining of cells and nuclei (arrowhead); in hdp2; D53/+ flies (D) although some muscles were collapsed (arrowhead), others were attached and had normal structure (compare arrows B and D). Bar = 2 μm.