FIGURE 5.
TIGAR inhibits glycolysis and promotes cellular respiration. A and E, T98G and LNT-229p53V135A cells carrying TIGAR or empty pcdna3.1 vector (neo) were exposed to serum-free medium containing 5 mm glucose and 5% O2 for 20 h. Glucose consumption and lactate production were determined (shown is mean ± S.D. of triplicates, one experiment out of two independent experiments with similar results is shown, *, p < 0.05, unpaired Student's t test). B and F, oxygen consumption was analyzed in T98G and LNT-229p53V135A neomycin control (neo), TIGAR, or TIGAR-TM cells. A representative experiment out of three independent experiments with similar results is shown. C and G, cell death induced by moderate hypoxia (5% O2) was analyzed by PI-FACS (shown is mean ± S.D. of triplicates, one experiment out of three independent experiments with similar results is shown, *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, unpaired Student's t test). D and H, phase contrast microscopy (×10) under the same conditions as in C and G.