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. 2012 Oct;31(Suppl 1):S-49–S-61. doi: 10.1089/dna.2012.1654

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

DNA methylation, histone modification, and micro RNA (miRNA) expression work together to control the complex environment of epigenetics in cancer. Promoter hypomethylation is linked to the expression of genes, including miRNA, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and histone modifiers (1). DNMTs can, in turn, hypermethylate promoters and turn off these same genes (2). Histone-modifying enzymes can affect gene expression by adding or removing certain marks (3). miRNAs are processed and targeted to mRNA, leading to a decrease in the protein expression of certain enzymes (4).