Table 2.

Genes Known to Be Hypermethylated in Common Cancers

Cancer type	Representative hypermethylated genes
Breast	14-3-3σ, AK5, APC, BCL2, BRCA1, CCND2, CDH13, CDKN1C, CDKN2A, CST6, DAPK, DCC, ER-α, FOXA2, GPC3, HIC1, HOXA5, HOXD11, LAMA3, LAMB3, LAMC2, LDLRAP1, MGMT, MLH1, PGR, RAD9, RAR-β, RASSF1A, ROBO1, RUNX3, SFRP1, SYK, TMS1, TWIST, WIF1, WRN, WT1 (Jovanovic et al., 2010)
Prostate	APC, AR, ASC, BCL2, CAV1, CCND2, CD44, CDH1, CDH13, CDKN2A, DAPK, DKK3, EDNRB, ER-α, ER-β, GPX3, GSTM1, GSTP1, HIC, LAMA 3, LAM C2, MDR1, MGMT, PTGS2, RAR-β2, RARRES1, RASSF1A, RPRM, RUNX3, SFN, SFRP1, TIMP3 (Jeronimo et al., 2011)
Melanoma	3-OST-2, APC, ASC, BST2, Caspase 8, CCND2, CD10, CDH1, CDH8, CDKN1B, CDKN1C, CDKN2A, CIITA-PIV, COL1A2, CXCR4, CYP1B1, DAL1, DAPK1, DDIT4L, DNAJC15, DPPIV, E cadherin, ER-α, GATA4, GDF15, HMW-MAA, HOXB13, HSP11, KR18, LOX, LRRC2, LXN, Maspin, MDR1, MINT 17, MINT 31, Megalin, MFAP2, MGMT, MIB2, MTAP, NPM2, p101, P73, PCSK1, PRDX2, PTEN, PTGS2, QPCT, RAR-β2, RASSF1A, Ril, SOCS-1. SOCS-2, SOCS-3, SYK, TERC, TFPI2, THBS1, THBS4, TIMP3, TM, TNFRSF10A, TNRSF10D, TNRSF10D, TPM1, WIF1, WFDC1 (Howell et al., 2009; Schinke et al., 2010)
Pancreatic	BNIP3, CCND2, CDKN2A, CDKN1C/p57, CNTNAP2, MDF-1, miR-9-1, NPTX2, PENK, RPRM, SPARC/ON, TFPI2, UCHL1, ZNF415 (Hong et al., 2011)
Lung	BARHL2, CBLN4, CDKN2A, CDH1, DAPK, DPP6, FLJ30851, GRIK2, HAND2, HOXA9, HOXD9, KIAA1024, LHX2, MGMT, NR2E1, OSR1, PCDHGA12, RAR-β, RASSF1A, RUNX3, SIM2, SIX6, ST8SIA3, TIMP3 (Palmisano et al., 2000; Tsou et al., 2002; Rauch et al., 2011)
Colorectal	ALX4, APC, CDKN2A, CDH4, CHD1, CHD13, CHFR, CRABO1, CXCL12, DAPK, DKK1, EphA1, ER-α, GALR2, GATA4, GATA5, HLTF, ID4, IEF8, MGMT, MLH1, NGX6, p14, p15, PPARG, RASSF1A, RUNX3, SEPT9 SFRP1, SFRP2, SLC5A8, Sox17, TFPI2, THBS1/TSP1, TIMP3, VIM (Jia and Guo, 2011; Lao and Grady, 2011)