Figure 1.

Accepted relationships between the twelve taxa included in our phylogenomic analyses[[26]]. The nine reference taxa for which complete genome sequences are available are labeled in black. Holoparasitic Rafflesia cantleyi is a member of Malpighiales (clade shown in red), and its obligate host Tetrastigma rafflesiae is a member of Vitaceae (clade shown in blue). The approximate divergence time between the parasite and host clade is 115 Ma [19]. Open flower of Rafflesia cantleyi shown in left inset (~0.5 m in diameter); floral bud in right inset shown attached to Tetrastigma rafflesiae host vine with leaves of the latter in foreground.