Table 3. List of potential hotspots of AIV infection detected in our study.
| Country | Site | Occasion | Main speciesa | No. bird pos./total | % pos. (±95% CI) |
| Potential AIV hotspots | |||||
| Zimbabwe | Lakes Manyame-Chivero | Sep. 2007 | African jacana, Kittlitz's plover, Little stint | 6/40 | 15.0 (7.1–29.1) |
| Jan. 2008 | African jacana, Blacksmith lapwing | 18/68 | 26.5 (17.4–38.0) | ||
| Nov. 2008 | African jacana, Blacksmith lapwing, Kittlitz's plover | 8/117 | 6.8 (3.5–12.9) | ||
| Mauritania-Senegal | Senegal River Delta | Mar. 2006 | Slender-billed gull | 13/156 | 8.3 (4.9–13.7) |
| Tunisia | Thyna salt pans | May 2006 | Curlew sandpiper | 2/48 | 4.2 (1.1–14.0) |
| Follow-up sampling at the same site and month in the successive years | |||||
| Zimbabwe | Lakes Manyame-Chivero | Sep. 2008 | African jacana, Kittlitz's plover | 0/77 | 0 (0–4.8) |
| Jan. 2009 | African jacana, Blacksmith lapwing | 0/84 | 0 (0–4.4) | ||
| Nov. 2009 | African jacana, Wood sandpiper, Blacksmith lapwing | 1/102 | 1.0 (0.0–5.3) | ||
| Fev. 2010 | African jacana | 1/64 | 1.6 (0.1–8.3) | ||
| Mauritania-Senegal | Senegal River Delta | Mar. 2010 | Slender-billed gull | 0/36 | 0 (0–9.6) |
| Tunisia | Thyna salt pans | Apr. 2007 | Little stint, Curlew sandpiper | 0/44 | 0 (0–8.0) |
These sites correspond to sampling occasions (top) at which the number of AIV-positive birds was above the threshold number of birds for which the hypothesis that prevalence is lower than 10% could not be rejected (see Figure 2). Sampling conducted in different years at the same sites during the same months and on the same species (below) detected a low number of AIV-positive birds.
a
. African jacana Actophilornis africana, Kittlitz's plover Charadrius pecuarius, Little stint Calidris minuta, Blacksmith lapwing Vanellus armatus, Slender-billed gull Chroicocephalus genei, Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea, Wood sandpiper Tringa glareola.