Table 2. Hazard ratios (95%CI) of specific CVD by MDS category and by two unit increment in MDS, The EPIC-NL Study.
| MDS | |||||
| 0–2 | 3–4 | 5–6 | 7–9 | By two unit increment | |
| Persons at risk, no. | 2469 | 12249 | 14832 | 5158 | 34708 |
| Person years total CVD | 28026 | 139539 | 170208 | 58924 | 396697 |
| Fatal CVD, no. | 62 | 206 | 178 | 41 | 487 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (ref) | 0.67 (0.50–0.89) | 0.51 (0.38–0.69) | 0.36 (0.24–0.54) | 0.72 (0.64–0.81) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (ref) | 0.72 (0.54–0.96) | 0.60 (0.44–0.80) | 0.44 (0.30–0.66) | 0.78 (0.69–0.88) |
| Incident CVD, no. | 438 | 1820 | 1973 | 650 | 4881 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (ref) | 0.84 (0.75–0.93) | 0.77 (0.69–0.85) | 0.75 (0.66–0.84) | 0.90 (0.87–0.94) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (ref) | 0.87 (0.79–0.97) | 0.84 (0.75–0.93) | 0.84 (0.75–0.96) | 0.95 (0.91–0.98) |
| Composite CVD c , no. | 186 | 699 | 684 | 196 | 1765 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (ref) | 0.75 (0.64–0.88) | 0.63 (0.53–0.74) | 0.54 (0.44–0.66) | 0.80 (0.75–0.84) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (ref) | 0.80 (0.68–0.94) | 0.72 (0.61–0.85) | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) | 0.85 (0.80–0.91) |
| Incident MI, no. | 106 | 428 | 412 | 124 | 1070 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (ref) | 0.79 (0.64–0.98) | 0.64 (0.52–0.79) | 0.57 (0.44–0.74) | 0.79 (0.74–0.86) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (ref) | 0.85 (0.69–1.05) | 0.74 (0.60–0.92) | 0.70 (0.54–0.92) | 0.86 (0.79–0.93) |
| Incident AP, no. | 20 | 138 | 171 | 50 | 379 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (ref) | 1.37 (0.86–2.20) | 1.44 (0.91–2.29) | 1.25 (0.74–2.10) | 1.02 (0.90–1.17) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (ref) | 1.44 (0.90–2.31) | 1.59 (1.00–2.54) | 1.44 (0.85–2.43) | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) |
| Incident stroke, no. | 46 | 174 | 177 | 51 | 448 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (ref) | 0.77 (0.55–1.06) | 0.68 (0.49–0.94) | 0.59 (0.39–0.87) | 0.83 (0.74–0.93) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (ref) | 0.82 (0.59–1.13) | 0.77 (0.55–1.07) | 0.70 (0.47–1.05) | 0.88 (0.78–1.00) |
| Incident TIA, no. | 13 | 59 | 55 | 27 | 154 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (ref) | 0.92 (0.51–1.68) | 0.75 (0.41–1.37) | 1.10 (0.57–2.13) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (ref) | 0.94 (0.51–1.71) | 0.77 (0.42–1.43) | 1.15 (0.58–2.25) | 1.00 (0.81–1.23) |
| Incident PAD, no. | 32 | 111 | 109 | 33 | 285 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (ref) | 0.68 (0.46–1.01) | 0.56 (0.38–0.84) | 0.51 (0.31–0.83) | 0.79 (0.68–0.92) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (ref) | 0.77 (0.52–1.14) | 0.73 (0.49–1.09) | 0.74 (0.45–1.21) | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) |
| Incident PE, no. | 19 | 46 | 52 | 14 | 131 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (ref) | 0.49 (0.29–0.84) | 0.47 (0.28–0.79) | 0.37 (0.18–0.73) | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (ref) | 0.47 (0.28–0.81) | 0.43 (0.25–0.74) | 0.33 (0.16–0.67) | 0.74 (0.59–0.92) |
| Incident other CVD, no. | 206 | 873 | 1011 | 357 | 2447 |
| Model 1a | 1.00 (ref) | 0.86 (0.74–1.01) | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) | 0.88 (0.74–1.04) | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) |
| Model 2b | 1.00 (ref) | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) |
a
Model 1: analyses adjusted for age, sex and cohort;
b
Model 2: model 1+ smoking, physical activity, energy intake and educational level.
c
Composite of fatal CVD, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke.
CVD = cardiovascular diseases, MI = myocardial infarction, AP = angina pectoris, TIA = transient ischemic attack, PAD = peripheral arterial disease, PE = pulmonary embolism.