Table 3. BALF Protein Levels of TH1 and TH2 Cytokines.
| TH1 Cytokines (pg/ml) | TH2 Cytokines (pg/ml) | |||||||
| 4-Week Air Exposure | ||||||||
| Total Protein (mg/ml) | IFN-γ | IL-1β | TNF-α | KC/GRO | IL-4 | IL-5 | IL-13 | |
| Saline | 1.7±0.5 | 1.9±1.0 | 92.1±10.8 | 37.9±14.6 | 1225.9±531.7 | 2.0±0.6 | 70.1±13.9 | 0.2±0.2 |
| CNP | 2.3±0.3 | 1.9±0.9 | 164.3±26.4 | 196.5±16.5 | 4612.5±801.5ac | 2.2±0.5 | 98.5±18.9 | 0.1±0.1 |
| OVA | 3.1±0.3 | 1.4±0.9 | 171.4±56.8 | 217.4±80.2 | 1654.8±727.2 | 1.7±1.0 | 78.9±16.3 | 1.0±1.0 |
| OVA+CNP | 3.7±0.3a | 2.5±1.2 | 219.3±58.9 | 144.5±63.2 | 2454.6±936.4 | 1.9±0.5 | 93.0±31.2 | 0.6±0.6 |
| 4-Week NO2 Exposure | ||||||||
| Total Protein (mg/ml) | IFN-γ | IL-1β | TNF-α | KC/GRO | IL-4 | IL-5 | IL-13 | |
| Saline | 3.1±1.1 | 2.6±1.1 | 144.9±20.2 | 162.6±40.7 | 3998.5±768.2d | 2.7±0.6 | 148.1±30.1e | 0.6±0.3 |
| CNP | 2.2±0.4 | 4.2±1.3 | 199.8±36.2 | 190.8±34.8 | 4814.9±764.7 | 3.4±1.0 | 127.8±24.4e | 0.5±0.5 |
| OVA | 3.5±0.2 | 2.4±0.9 | 180.6±21.6 | 185.5±26.0 | 4576.8±830.8d | 2.6±0.5 | 141.4±25.2e | 0.3±0.2 |
| OVA+CNP | 4.1±0.4 | 2.6±1.1 | 200.6±47.1 | 173.1±63.4 | 3258.4±901.3 | 1.6±0.8 | 159.0±49.1e | 2.6±1.8 |
Values are means ± SE (n = 6 per group);
a
p<0.05 vs. Saline within condition;
b
p<0.05 vs. CNP within condition;
c
p<0.05 vs. OVA within condition;
d
p<0.05 vs. Air within treatment, by ANOVA. NO2 exposure significantly increased both KC/GRO and IL-5 compared to air-exposed animals. Individual increases in KC/GRO were significantly higher vs. Air-Saline, in the Air-CNP, NO2+Saline and NO2+OVA groups.