Table 1.

List of ISGs with reported antiviral effector activity against infection by WNV and other flaviviruses

ISG	Activity	Mechanism of Action	Flavivirus	Reference
PKR	Mice, primary cells	Translation inhibition? Induction of IFN	WNV	[44, 47, 71]
RNAse L	Mice, primary cells	Viral RNA degradation? Generation of PAMP	WNV	[47, 74]
Oas1b	Mice, primary cells	Reduction in 2′-5′ oligoA production	WNV, other flaviviruses	[75, 76]
Viperin (rsad2)	Mice, primary cells, ectopic expression	Modulation of lipid biosynthesis or droplet formation?	WNV, Dengue	[71, 83]
IFIT1	Mice, primary cells	Translation inhibition?	WNV	[3, 89]
IFIT2	Ectopic expression	Translation inhibition?	WNV	[3]
IFITM2	Ectopic expression, primary cells	Inhibition of entry?	WNV, Dengue	[71, 90]
IFITM3	Ectopic expression, primary cells	Inhibition of entry?	WNV, Yellow fever	[66, 71, 87, 90]
ISG20	Ectopic expression	Exonuclease?	WNV, Yellow fever	[71, 88]
MB21D1	Ectopic expression	Unknown	WNV	[66]
HPSE	Ectopic expression	Unknown	WNV, Yellow fever	[66]
NAMPT	Ectopic expression	Unknown	WNV	[66]
TRIM79α	Ectopic expression, primary cells	Degrades viral RNA polymerase	Tick-borne encephalitis	[91]

Note, ISGs that inhibit flaviviruses other than WNV and their corresponding references are added for completeness but not necessarily discussed in the text.