Table 4.
Sunlight exposure for mothers and infants by season of measurement
| n | Winter | Spring | Summer | Fall | P‐value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | 4 weeks | % BSA | 120 | 10.0 (7.0, 14.0)A | 34.0 (27.0, 50.0)BC | 43.0 (34.0, 50.0)B | 27.0 (14.0, 39.0)C | <0.001 |
| Hours | 120 | 1.7 (0.7, 6.0)A | 7.5 (3.4, 12.5)B | 4.3 (2.1, 8.0)AB | 4.0 (2.1, 8.0)AB | 0.02 | ||
| Sun index | 120 | 18.8 (6.0, 54.0)A | 340 (84.0, 544)B | 198 (90.6, 384)B | 108 (29.2, 188)B | <0.001 | ||
| Infant | 4 weeks | % BSA | 118 | 3.5 (0.0, 9.0)A | 21.0 (12.0, 33.0)B | 42.0 (32.0, 48.0)C | 26.0 (9.0, 42.0)B | <0.001 |
| Hours | 120 | 1.3 (0.3, 3.8) | 3.8 (1.8, 7.0) | 2.3 (0.7, 4.3) | 3.8 (0.8, 6.0) | 0.07 | ||
| Sun index | 118 | 1.2 (0.0, 12.0)A | 54.0 (27.0, 236)B | 63.8 (27.2, 220)B | 50.0 (15.2, 175)B | <0.001 | ||
| 26 weeks | % BSA | 91 | 9.0 (5.0, 14.0)A | 14.0 (12.0, 24.0)AC | 37.0 (30.0, 55.0)B | 26.0 (14.0, 32.0)C | <0.001 | |
| Hours | 93 | 1.0 (0.3, 2.2)A | 2.0 (1.0, 4.5)A | 14.0 (7.5, 16.5)B | 2.5 (1.0, 5.8)A | <0.001 | ||
| Sun index | 91 | 5.2 (0.0, 19.5)A | 40.0 (8.3, 94.5)AC | 473 (278, 880)B | 44.0 (24.0, 165)C | <0.001 | ||
| 52 weeks | % BSA | 87 | 9.0 (7.0, 12.0)A | 26.0 (14.0, 32.0)B | 49.0 (43.0, 55.0)C | 35.5 (26.0, 44.0)B | <0.001 | |
| Hours | 92 | 1.8 (1.2, 7.0)A | 5.0 (1.7, 11.2)A | 10.5 (5.4, 14.0)B | 6.0 (3.4, 8.9)AB | 0.003 | ||
| Sun index | 87 | 24.0 (0.0, 74.0)A | 104 (33.8, 271)B | 528.5 (224, 753)C | 272 (76.3, 457)B | <0.001 | ||
BSA, body surface area. Median (interquartile range) is reported. Median differences were tested using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and pairwise P‐values were calculated using the Tukey–Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons. Medians with different superscript in a given row are significantly different. Sun index is defined as the product of % BSA and weekly hours of sun exposure.