Table 1.

Properties of bright and photostable monomeric fluorescent proteins

Protein	ref.a	λ ex b	λ em c	ε d	ϕ e	Brightnessf	pKag	Maturationh	Photostabilityi
mTurquoise2	30	434	474	30	0.93	28	3.1	ND	90j
mTFP1	45	462	488	64	0.85	54	4.3	ND	110
EGFP	45	488	507	56	0.60	34	6.0	25k	174
mWasabi	45	493	509	70	0.80	56	6.5	ND	93
YPet	45	517	530	104	0.77	80	5.6	ND	49
Clover	this work	505	515	111	0.76	84	6.2	30	50
mCherry	45	587	610	72	0.22	16	<4.5	40l	96
mKate2	45	588	633	63	0.40	25	6.5	20	84
TagRFP-T	2	555	584	81	0.41	33	4.6	100	337
mRuby	20	558	605	112	0.35	39	4.4	170	101j
mRuby2	this work	559	600	113	0.38	43	5.3	150	123

^aSource of data unless otherwise noted.

^bExcitation maximum in nm.

^cEmission maximum in nm.

^dPeak extinction coefficient in mM^–1cm^–1.

^eQuantum yield.

^fProduct of ε and ϕ.

^gpH at which the fluorescence intensity is 50% of its maximum value.

^hTime in min for fluorescence to obtain half-maximal value after exposure to oxygen.

ⁱTime in s to photobleach from 1000 to 500 photons per second per molecule under arc lamp illumination.

^jData from this study.

^kData from ref. 46.

^lData from Ref. 47.

ND=not determined.