Table 3.

Genetic parameters of the four experimental populations of white spruce^*

Population	Number of trees	Average breeding value (m)†	Number of polymorphic SNPs	PO	A	Number of rare alleles (f < 0.05)	HO	HE (unbiased)	FIS
Large control	71	0.03 ± 0.21‡	1134	0.82	1.99	331	0.282 ± 0.169	0.282 ± 0.160	−0.0007 ± 0.0055§
Large case	71	0.47 ± 0.21	1102	0.83	1.98	316	0.280 ± 0.168	0.280 ± 0.158	−0.0012 ± 0.0055
Small control	28	0.06 ± 0.22	1134	0.83	1.94	317	0.284 ± 0.183	0.280 ± 0.166	−0.0143 ± 0.0078¶
Small case	28	0.56 ± 0.21	1102	0.83	1.94	316	0.283 ± 0.181	0.278 ± 0.164	−0.0161 ± 0.0071¶

^*P_O: percentage of polymorphic loci (95% level); A: average number of alleles per single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP); H_O: average observed heterozygosity; H_E: average unbiased expected heterozygosity (Nei 1978); F_IS: average within-population inbreeding coefficient.

^†The average breeding value is the difference between the average height of the families included in each population and that of all the tested families expressed in meters and measured at 15 years.

^‡Standard deviation.

^§Standard deviation estimated using 1000 bootstraps based on SNPs.

^¶Significant, P ≤ 0.05 using 10 000 permutations.