Table 1.
Weighted Means and Proportions, by Race/Ethnicity
| All (N≈8550) | SD | White (N≈3650) | African American (N≈1350) | Latino (N≈1700) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wave 1 cognitive T-score | 50.08 | (9.89) | 50.60 #& | 49.30 # | 49.57 & |
| Wave 2 cognitive T-score | 50.07 | (9.99) | 52.58 #& | 47.28 # | 46.40 & |
| Wave 1 family structure | |||||
| Nuclear: Married to bio dad | 0.66 | 0.80 #& | 0.28 #$ | 0.56 $& | |
| Single | 0.19 | 0.09 #& | 0.58 #$ | 0.18 $& | |
| Cohabiting with bio dad | 0.14 | 0.09 #& | 0.13 #$ | 0.25 $& | |
| Nonbio partner | 0.01 | 0.01 # | 0.01 # | 0.01 | |
| Extended: None | 0.78 | 0.87 #& | 0.66 # | 0.65 & | |
| Grandparent(s) only | 0.10 | 0.07 #& | 0.16 #$ | 0.12 $& | |
| Other adult(s) only | 0.07 | 0.03 #& | 0.08 #$ | 0.15 $& | |
| Grandparent(s) and other(s) | 0.05 | 0.03 #& | 0.10 # | 0.08 & | |
| Wave 1–2 transitions | |||||
| Partner: Neither wave | 0.15 | 0.07 #& | 0.51 #$ | 0.14 $& | |
| Gain partner | 0.04 | 0.03 # | 0.07 #$ | 0.04 $ | |
| Lose partner | 0.05 | 0.04 # | 0.06 # | 0.06 | |
| Keep partner | 0.76 | 0.86 #& | 0.36 #$ | 0.76 $& | |
| Grandparents: Neither wave | 0.82 | 0.88 #& | 0.70 #$ | 0.76 $& | |
| Gain grandparents | 0.03 | 0.03 & | 0.04 | 0.04 & | |
| Lose grandparents | 0.05 | 0.04 # | 0.07 # | 0.05 | |
| Keep grandparents | 0.10 | 0.06 #& | 0.19 #$ | 0.15 $& | |
| Other adults: Neither wave | 0.84 | 0.92 #& | 0.77 #$ | 0.71 $& | |
| Gain other adults | 0.04 | 0.03 #& | 0.06 # | 0.06 & | |
| Lose other adults | 0.05 | 0.03 #& | 0.06 #$ | 0.09 $& | |
| Keep other adults | 0.07 | 0.03 #& | 0.11 # | 0.14 & | |
| Wave 2 assessment age | 24.38 | (1.16) | 24.35 | 24.39 | 24.44 |
| # others in household under 18 | 1.12 | (1.18) | 1.00 #& | 1.40 #$ | 1.24 $& |
| Female child | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.49 | |
| Mom repeated a grade | 0.15 | 0.12 #& | 0.21 # | 0.21 & | |
| Mom live with parents until 16 | 0.59 | 0.64 #& | 0.36 #$ | 0.59 $& | |
| Mom on welfare age 5 to 16 | 0.11 | 0.08 #& | 0.24 #$ | 0.10 $& | |
| Foreign-born mother | 0.21 | 0.05 #& | 0.11 #$ | 0.57 $& | |
| English is primary language | 0.81 | 0.97 #& | 0.96 #$ | 0.42 $& | |
| Teenage mother at birth | 0.11 | 0.07 #& | 0.20 #$ | 0.14 $& | |
| Mom’s Wave 1 education (yrs) | 12.78 | (2.99) | 13.76 #& | 12.17 #$ | 10.86 $& |
| Wave 1 household income | |||||
| Under 100% of poverty line | 0.23 | 0.12 #& | 0.46 #$ | 0.35 $& | |
| 100–199% | 0.29 | 0.23 #& | 0.29 #$ | 0.38 $& | |
| 200–299% | 0.12 | 0.14 #& | 0.09 # | 0.11 & | |
| 300–399% | 0.12 | 0.16 #& | 0.07 # | 0.06 & | |
| 400% or greater | 0.24 | 0.35 #& | 0.08 # | 0.09 & | |
| Number of moves since wave 1 | 0.42 | (0.69) | 0.40 #& | 0.50 # | 0.45 & |
| Change in % of poverty line | 0.05 | (1.32) | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
Source: Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, 2001.
Notes: SD = standard deviation
#
White/African American difference significant at p<.05
&
White/Latino difference significant at p<.05
$
African American/Latino difference significant at p<.05