Table 2. Summary of KO Phenotypes Related to Genes Involved in TGF-βand AKT/PTEN pathways.

All indicated phenotypes are derived from in vivo transplantation experiments. KO = knock-out; cKO = conditional KO; Defect after serial transplant = normal hematopoiesis after primary transplant, but phenotype after secondary or tertiary transplant; Increased function = KO mice that showed enhanced PB production after BM (bone marrow) or FL (fetal liver) transplantation; Some KOs have been investigated for proliferation phenotypes: NC = no changes in proliferation; NA = not analyzed; PMID = PubMed ID number

2.1 Tgf-βpathway
Gene	Type of Mouse	Primary Hematopoietic Defect	Engraftment Ability in Transplantation Analysis							Altered Proliferation (+:increased; –: decreased)	PMID
			Severe Defect	Moderate Defect	Mild Defect	Defect after serial txt	Apparantly Increased Normal	Increased	Cells Tested
Pbx1	KO	+	+						FL	−	11468159
Pbx1	cKO (Mx1-Cre and Tie2-Cre)	+		+					BM	+	18462698
Tgfb2	Het	−		+					BM	+	14707111
Smad4	cKO (Mx1-Cre)	+			+				BM	NA	17353364
Tgfb2	KO	−				+			FL	+	14707111
Tgfbr1	KO	−					+		BM	NC	12842983
Smad5	cKO (Mx1-Cre)	−					+		BM	NC	16896158

2.2 Pten/Akt pathway
Gene	Type of Mouse	Primary Hematopoietic Defect	Engraftment Ability in Transplantation Analysis							Altered Proliferation§ (+: increased; –: decreased)	PMID
			Severe Defect	Moderate Defect	Mild Defect	Defect after serial txt	Apparantly Increased Normal	Increased	Cells Tested
FoxO3a	KO	−	+						BM	NC	18371339
AKT1/AKT2	dKO	+		+					FL	−	20354168
FoxO1/FoxO3/FoxO4	triple cKO (Mx1-Cre)	−		+					BM	+	17254970
Pten	cKO (Mx1-Cre)	+		+					BM	+	16633340
Akt1	KO	−					+		BM	NA	20354168
Akt2	KO	−					+		BM	NA	20354168