Table 2.
Association between arthritis and the presence of insomnia during the past 12 months among adults participating in the 2007 National Health Interview Survey using logistic regression models*
| Model 1, OR (95% CI)† | Model 2, OR (95% CI)‡ | Model 3, OR (95% CI)§ | Model 4, OR (95% CI)¶ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arthritis | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Present | 2.92 (2.68–3.17) | 2.27 (2.06–2.50) | 1.53 (1.36–1.71) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) |
| Age, years | ||||
| 18–29 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 30–39 | 1.35 (1.13–1.61) | 1.35 (1.11–1.63) | 1.29 (1.07–1.56) | |
| 40–49 | 1.45 (1.21–1.74) | 1.40 (1.15–1.71) | 1.30 (1.07–1.58) | |
| 50–59 | 1.48 (1.24–1.78) | 1.36 (1.11–1.66) | 1.22 (1.00–1.49) | |
| 60–69 | 1.11 (0.90–1.36) | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | 0.92 (0.73–1.17) | |
| 70–79 | 1.23 (0.94–1.59) | 1.06 (0.79–1.43) | 0.97 (0.72–1.30) | |
| ≥80 | 1.37 (1.02–1.85) | 1.14 (0.79–1.62) | 1.02 (0.71–1.48) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Women | 1.40 (1.27–1.54) | 1.26 (1.13–1.41) | 1.26 (1.12–1.41) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 0.75 (0.65–0.86) | 0.82 (0.71–0.96) | 0.82 (0.71–0.96) | |
| Hispanic | 0.92 (0.80–1.06) | 0.98 (0.83–1.14) | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 0.73 (0.58–0.92) | 0.83 (0.63–1.10) | 0.84 (0.64–1.11) | |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 1.17 (0.78–1.76) | 1.13 (0.75–1.70) | 1.08 (0.70–1.66) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married or living with a partner | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Widowed | 1.13 (0.96–1.34) | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | |
| Divorced or separated | 1.60 (1.43–1.79) | 1.35 (1.18–1.54) | 1.33 (1.16–1.52) | |
| Never married | 1.36 (1.19–1.55) | 1.33 (1.15–1.55) | 1.32 (1.13–1.53) | |
| Education | ||||
| College degree or higher | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Attended college | 1.50 (1.33–1.70) | 1.39 (1.23–1.57) | 1.35 (1.19–1.53) | |
| High school degree | 1.24 (1.10–1.40) | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | 1.13 (0.99–1.28) | |
| No high school degree | 1.32 (1.12–1.54) | 1.12 (0.93–1.34) | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) | |
| Employment status | ||||
| Currently working | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Retired | 1.53 (1.30–1.82) | 1.38 (1.14–1.67) | 1.38 (1.14–1.68) | |
| Formerly worked | 2.56 (2.26–2.89) | 1.52 (1.31–1.77) | 1.45 (1.25–1.69) | |
| Never worked | 1.30 (1.11–1.51) | 1.12 (0.95–1.33) | 1.13 (0.95–1.33) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Former smoker | 1.28 (1.14–1.43) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | 1.09 (0.96–1.25) | |
| Current smoker | 1.60 (1.42–1.79) | 1.24 (1.08–1.42) | 1.22 (1.06–1.39) | |
| Alcohol status | ||||
| Never drinker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Former drinker | 1.37 (1.19–1.58) | 1.21 (1.03–1.42) | 1.18 (1.01–1.39) | |
| Current drinker | 1.40 (1.23–1.58) | 1.39 (1.22–1.59) | 1.37 (1.20–1.57) | |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Normal weight | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Underweight | 0.83 (0.56–1.23) | 0.82 (0.55–1.21) | ||
| Overweight | 0.96 (0.85–1.09) | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | ||
| Obese | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | ||
| Hypertension | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 1.26 (1.12–1.41) | 1.24 (1.11–1.39) | ||
| Cardiac disease | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 1.37 (1.18–1.59) | 1.34 (1.15–1.56) | ||
| Stroke | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 1.06 (0.81–1.40) | 1.00 (0.76–1.31) | ||
| COPD | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 1.28 (1.05–1.57) | 1.26 (1.04–1.54) | ||
| Asthma | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 1.39 (1.20–1.61) | 1.37 (1.19–1.59) | ||
| Upper GI tract disease | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 1.97 (1.75–2.22) | 1.85 (1.64–2.09) | ||
| Urinary/prostate problems | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 1.45 (1.27–1.66) | 1.37 (1.20–1.56) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 1.16 (0.97–1.38) | 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | ||
| Cancer | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 1.40 (1.20–1.64) | 1.41 (1.20–1.66) | ||
| Depression, past 12 months | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 3.07 (2.67–3.53) | 2.94 (2.55–3.39) | ||
| Anxiety, past 12 months | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Present | 3.09 (2.67–3.58) | 2.90 (2.51–3.36) | ||
| Joint pain, past 30 days | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | |||
| Present | 1.80 (1.59–2.04) | |||
| Limitations due to joint pain | ||||
| Absent | 1.00 | |||
| Present | 1.45 (1.22–1.72) | |||
*
OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GI = gastrointestinal.
†
Arthritis status as the sole independent variable.
‡
Model 1, adjusted for sociodemographic variables and health behaviors.
§
Model 2, adjusted for comorbid conditions.
¶
Model 3, adjusted for joint pain and limitations due to joint pain.