Table 5.

Comparison of reported cost estimates in relation to cervical cancer for China

Study	Year of estimation (article language)	Study population	Rural or urban setting	Overall study design	Cost data collection	Perspective	Cost category covered	Reported cost of select or available items (US$)
The current study	2008–2009 (English)	Shanxi, Prov.	Rural	Purely costing study	Micro-costing approach (county and prefecture level)	Societal (direct medical and non-medical costs)	Screening, diagnosis and treatment	Indicated in Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the manuscript
Shi et al 2011, Canfell et al 2011 [4,5]	2008 (English)	Shanxi, Prov.	Rural	Cost-effectiveness analysis	Micro-costing for screening, diagnosis and part of treatment (LEEP and simple hysterectomy); Checking audits of hospital charges to estimate cancer treatment costs	Societal (direct medical and non-medical costs)	Screening, diagnosis and treatment	VIA screening: $3.55 (mobile), $4.30 (program-based); VILI screening: $0.40; careHPV: $9.20 (self-sampling), $10.34 (provider-sampling); LEEP: $55.95; Cancer treatment: $628 (FIGO I); $1953 (FIGO II); $1810 (FIGO III); $663 (FIGO IV)
Levin et al 2009 [3]	2005 (English)	Shanxi, Prov. (Rural)	Rural	Cost-effectiveness analysis	Micro-costing (county and national level)	Societal (direct medical and non-medical costs)	Screening, diagnosis and treatment	Direct medical costs at a county level: Colposcopy: ~$8.21; Biopsy: ~$15.46; LEEP: ~$87.58; CKC: ~$87.13; Simple hysterectomy: ~$354; Local cancer: ~$387; Regional/distant cancer: ~$1,739
Goldie et al 2005 [8]	2005 (English)	25 Asia Pacific regions, including China	Not indicated	Broad cost- effectiveness analysis	Leveraged available data in select other countries and extrapolate to China based on several indicators, including gross domestic product per capita	Societal	Screening, diagnosis and treatment	Average direct medical cost of cervical cancer treatment: ~I$1,500 for cancer stage I, ~I$1,700 for cancer stage II–IV
Deng et al 2010 [14]	2006 (Chinese)	A county-level site (Liuyang) in Hunan Prov.	Rural	Cost-benefit analysis	Standard hospital charges (released by the local Office of Health of Hunan Prov.) for screening and diagnosis; expert opinion for treatment	Medical cost only	Screening, diagnosis and treatment	Pap smear screening: ~$4; Colposcopy: ~$13; Biopsy (one punch): ~$18; CKC: ~$585; Radical hysterectomy: $1,756; Mainly chemo/ radiotherapy: ~$3,658
Wang et al 2009 [16]	1996–2006 (Chinese)	Lanzhou City, Gansu Prov.	Urban	Time-trend analysis of in-patient hospitalization fee (cervical cancer and breast cancer)	Hospital bill audits review (N = 1,564)	In-patient fee only	Cancer treatment only	Average treatment expense per patient with cervical cancer: ~$1,464 (2006) and ~ $1,185 (1996–2006)
Guan et al 2004 [15]	1997–2001 (Chinese)	Wuhan City, Hubei Prov.	Urban	Time-trend analysis of in-patient hospitalization fee (cervical cancer only)	Hospital bill audits review (N = 106)	In-patient fee only	Cancer treatment only	Average treatment expense per patient with cervical cancer: ~$1,390 (1997–2001)
Tan et al 2003 [13]	1996–2001 (Chinese)	Beijing City	Urban	Analysis of in-patient hospitalization fee and clinical outcomes (Hysterectomy only)	Hospital bill audits review (N = 4,180)	In-patient fee only	Treatment only	Average treatment expense of various hysterectomy types: ~$736 - ~ $1,094