LR lengths of M. truncatula plants grown in different conditions. Wild-type A17 (black bars), Mtnip-1 (gray bars), and Mtnip-3 (horizontally striped bars) were grown in liquid buffered nodulation medium with no added NO3− (A), with 250 μm KNO3 (B), or with 5 mm KNO3 (C), with the medium changed every other day. LR lengths were measured after 2 weeks. Data are shown for one biological replicate ± se (n = 5). Replicates gave similar results. Asterisks mark LR lengths from plants grown at 250 μm KNO3 and 5 mm KNO3 that are significantly different from the same genotype grown at 0 mm KNO3, using Student’s t test at P < 0.05.