. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jan 5;65(3):415–418. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.273

Table 2.

Effects of diets on leptin and ghrelin among subjects stratified by IR status^a

Variable	IR (n = 28)			IS (n = 36)			Difference between IR and IS^b

LG Diet (n = 64)	Study entry^c	Change over the LG diet	P-value	Study entry^d	Change over the LG diet	P-value	IR–IS	P-value
Leptin, ng/ml^e	11.1 (8.7, 13.4)^f	−1.9 (−2.9, −0.9) (17.1%)	<0.01	5.2 (3.6, 6.8)^f	−1.2 (−2.1, −0.2) (23.1%)	<0.01	−0.7 (−2.1, 0.6)	0.76
Ghrelin, pg/ml	578 (470, 685)^g	−2 (−52, 49) (0.3%)	0.95	742 (653, 832)^g	−26 (−71, 19) (3.5%)	0.25	24 (−44, 92)	0.48

HA diet (n = 64)	Study entry^c	Change over the HA diet	P-value	Study entry^d	Change over the HA diet	P-value	IR – IS	P-value

Leptin, ng/ml^e	11.1 (8.7, 13.4)^f	−2.6 (−3.4, −1.7) (33.3%)	<0.001	5.2 (3.6, 6.8)^f	−0.2 (−1.0, 0.5) (3.9%)	0.22	−2.3 (−3.5, −1.1)	<0.01
Ghrelin, pg/ml	578 (470, 685)^g	43 (−17, 102) (6.4%)	0.15	742 (653, 832)^g	1 (−52, 53) (0.1%)	0.98	42 (−37, 122)	0.29

Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; CI, confidence interval; HA diet, healthy American diet; IR, insulin resistant; IS, insulin sensitive; LG diet, low-glycemic diet.

Values are reported as mean (95% CI).

IR–IS = difference in changes between IR and IS subjects.

Plasma leptin and ghrelin at study entry among IR subjects.

Plasma leptin and ghrelin at study entry among IS subjects.

Data were log-transformed for the analysis.

Leptin values at study entry were stratified by subjects’ IR status; difference between IR and IS subjects was significant based on one-way ANOVA (11.1 vs 5.2 ng/ml, P<0.001).

Ghrelin values at study entry were stratified by subjects’ IR status; difference between IR and IS subjects was significant based on one-way ANOVA (578 vs 742pg/ml, P = 0.02).