Table 1. Autophagy induction of targeted agents available for HNSCC.

Class	Drug	Targets	Autophagy	Combined with:	Refs
TK inhibitor	Gefitinib	EGFR (TK domain ATP binding site)	Survival	CDDP, IFN-α, MK, RAD, TXT	15–20
	Erlotinib	EGFR (TK domain ATP binding site)	Survival	BV, CDDP, GEM, RAD, TXL, TXT	21–24
Src kinase inhibitor	Dasatinib	Bcr-Abl, Src family, PDGFR, EphA2	Death	CET, RAD, TMZ	25–29
	Saracatinib	Bcr-Abl, Src family	Survival	CBDCA, CQ, GEM, TXL, ZOL	30–34
Monoclonal Ab	Cetuximab	EGFR domain III	Survival	CDDP, CPT-11, ER, 5-FU, L-OHP, RAD, TXT	36–40
	Panitumumab	EGFR domain III	ND	CAP, EPI, 5-FU, L-OHP	41–44
Multi-TK inhibitor	Sunitinib	VEGFR, FLT3, PDGFR, c-kit	Death	BV, IFN-α, TE	45–48
	Sorafenib	Raf kinase, VEGFR, PDGFR	Survival	BV, CBDCA, DXR, 5-FU, GEM, TE, TXL, TXT	49–53
	Lapatinib	ATP binding sites of EGFR and ErbB2	Survival	CAP, CDDP, L-OHP, TXL	54–57
Proteasome inhibitor	Bortezomib	NF-κB	ND	BV, HER, SAHA, TXT	58–62
mTOR inhibitor	Rapamycin	mTORC1, Ser/Thr kinases	Death	CBDCA, CDDP, DXR, TPT, TXL	63–67
	Everolimus	mTORC1, VEGF	Death	CAP, CDDP, DXR, 5-FU, L-OHP, RAD, TXL	68–70
	Temsirolimus	mTORC1, VEGF, Cell cycle	Death	BV, IFN-α, RAD, SAHA	71–74
Chaperone inhibitor	17-AAG	Hsp90, Beclin 1, NF-κB	Survival	CPT-11, HER, TXL	75–82
Epigenetic drug	Vorinostat	Histone deacetylase	Death	BOR, CDDP, DXR, 5-FU, RAD, TXL	83–89

Abbreviations: BOR, bortezomib; BV, bevacizumab; CAP, capecitabine; CBDCA, carboplatin; CDDP, cisplatin; CET, cetuximab; CPT-11, irinotecan; CQ: chloroquine, DXR, doxorubicin; EPI, epirubicin; ER, erlotinib; 5-FU, fluorouracil; GEM, gemcitabine; HER, trastuzumab; IFN-α, interferon- α; L-OHP, oxaliplatin; MK, MK-2206; RAD, radiation; SAHA, vorinostat; TE, temsirolimus; TMZ, temozolomide; TPT, topotecan, TXL, paclitaxel; TXT, docetaxel; ZOL, zoledronic acid; ND, not determined; TK, tyrosine kinase.