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Site of punch biopsy taken from rVLM region for measurement of preproenkephalin mRNA and met-enkephalin. Left: a tissue section shows the site of punch biopsy (arrow) taken from rVLM region (12.24 mm caudal to Bregma). Right: the same rostral level of brain section indicated in the rats atlas (Paxinos and Watson, 2009). PY: Pyramid tract. Sp5: Spinal trigeminal tract. Sp5i: Spinal trigeminal nucleus, interpolar.
