Table 4.

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Time of Detection With Various Screening Criteria

		Specificity at Diagnosis		Median (Range) No. of Years Before Diagnosis When True-Positive Patients Met Screening Criterion
Screening Criteria	Sensitivity at Diagnosis	BPH Cases†	Controls	Local or Regional Cancers	Metastatic Cancers
Single measurement (μg/L)  PSA≥4.0	.78	.60	.94	4.9 (2.9-7.4)	11.2 (6.0-16.4)
PSA≥10.0	.50	1.0	1.0	2.2 (0.5-5.1)	5.4 (1.5-7.9)
Single rate of change (μg/L per year)†  PSAR≥1.0	.78	.60	.94	3.3 (0.0-9.0)	7.9 (2.3-8.9)
Average rate of change (μg/L per year)‡  PSAR2≥0.75 in total sample	.72	.90§	1.0	2.6 (0.0-9.0)	7.5 (2.3-8.7)
PSAR2≥0.75 when PSA<4 μg/L	.11	1.0	1.0	4.8 (0.6-9.0)	NA∥
PSAR2s≥0.75 when PSAs<4 and PSA<10 μg/L	.79	.88	1.0	2.6 (0.7-7.2)	7.9 (4.5-8.9)
PSAR2≥0.75 When PSA≥10 μg/L	1.0	NA∥	NA∥	0.6 (0.0-4.3)	3.5 (0.6-7.9)

^*BPH indicates benign prostatic hyperplasia.

^†Rate of change in prostate-specific antigen levels over two consecutive visits.

^‡Rate of change in prostate-specific antigen levels over three consecutive visits.

^§Significantly different from specificity for single PSA≥4.0 μg/L (P= .03).

^∥No subjects in this category.