Figure 5. Mechanism of transport of anti-ICAM nanocarriers across Caco-2 cells.

(A) Transcellular transport of ¹²⁵I-anti-ICAM NCs across confluent, non-activated Caco-2 cells was assessed at 24-h (described in Fig. 4) in the absence or presence of 20-µM EIPA, 1-µg/ml filipin, 50-µM MDC, or 0.5-µM wortmannin. (B) TEER was measured during transport of ¹²⁵I-anti-ICAM NCs across Caco-2 cells, to assess paracellular transport. TEER values in the absence of NCs are shown as controls (the dashed interval marks S.E.M of the mean value). Incubation with 5-mM H₂O₂ is a positive control for opening of intercellular junctions. (C) Paracellular protein leakage, measured as the apparent permeability coefficient (P_app) of ¹²⁵I-Albumin crossing the cell monolayer in the absence or presence of 5-mM H₂O₂, IgG NCs, or anti-ICAM NCs, was measured and calculated as in Fig. 4. Data are shown as means±S.E.M. (n≥4).