TABLE 1.

Prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in Treatment-Seeking and Non-Treatment-Seeking Populations

Study Authors, Year (Reference)	Subject Characteristics				Research Criteria
	N	Ethnic Minority (%)	Age Range (Years)	Treatment Seeking	Prospective Daily Rating	Psychiatric Testing	No. of Cycles	Prevalencea (%)
Nonprobability sampling
Rivera-Tovar et al., 1992 (9)b	217	6	17–29	No	Yes	No	(90 days)	4.6
Banerjee et al., 2000 (12)	62	—c	19–45	No	Yes	No	2	6.4
Takeda et al., 2006 (13)	1,152	—d	20–49	Yes	No	No	NA	1.2
Probability sampling
Sveinsdóttir and Bäckström, 2000 (14)	73e	—f	20–40	No	Yes	No	2	2.7
Cohen et al., 2002 (10)	513	4.3	36–44	No	Yesg	Yes	1	6.4
Wittchen et al., 2002 (8)	1,488	—h	14–24	No	No	Yes	NA	5.8
Gehlert et al., 2009 (15)	1,246	21.4	13–55	No	Yes	Yes	2	1.3
Steiner et al., 2003 (16)	519	—	18–55	No	No	No	NA	5.1
Steiner et al., 2011 (17)	578	—	12–18	No	No	No	NA	8.3

^aThe overall prevalence was 4.6%. The prevalence for the two studies using probability sampling, prospective daily ratings, and documentation of impairment was 2%. In the Gehlert et al. study (15), the prevalence in a nonclinical sample of women was 2.8%. The second Steiner et al. study (17), with the highest reported prevalence, focused on adolescents.

^bDiagnosis in the Rivera-Tovar et al. study (9) was late luteal phase dysphoric disorder; the study’s research criteria did not include interference with functioning.

^cStudy was conducted in India.

^dStudy was conducted in Japan.

^eIn the Sveinsdóttir and Bäckström study (14), 83 women participated, but 10 of them rated symptoms daily for only one menstrual cycle.

^fStudy was conducted in Iceland.

^gSubjects completed daily ratings for 1 month.

^hStudy was conducted in Germany.