Table 4.
Fully adjusted associations of patient and clinical characteristics associated with substantial depressive symptoms among survivors of severe sepsisa
| Relative Risk (95% Confidence Interval) | Z Statistic | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-sepsis patient characteristics | |||
| Substantial symptoms of depression at any HRS survey pre-sepsis | 2.20 (1.66–2.90) | 5.56 | < 0.001 |
| Age | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | −0.81 | 0.42 |
| Female | 1.32 (1.00–1.75) | 1.93 | 0.05 |
| Black | 0.80 (0.58–1.09) | −0.65 | 0.52 |
| Education beyond high school | 0.99 (0.75–1.32) | −0.07 | 0.95 |
| Single and living alone | 1.22 (0.88–1.68) | 1.19 | 0.24 |
| Alcohol use (days/week) | 1.00 (0.87–1.16) | 0.04 | 0.97 |
| Current smoker | 0.73 (0.45–1.19) | −1.26 | 0.21 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 1.13 | 0.26 |
| Severe sepsis-related hospitalization characteristics | |||
| Organ dysfunction score | 0.95 (0.70–1.30) | −0.30 | 0.77 |
| Admitted to an intensive care unit | 0.81 (0.60–1.09) | −1.40 | 0.16 |
| Required mechanical ventilation | 1.18 (0.82–1.71) | 0.91 | 0.37 |
| Required major surgery | 1.11 (0.78–1.59) | 0.58 | 0.56 |
| Required dialysis | 0.64 (0.32–1.28) | −1.27 | 0.21 |
| Hospital length of stay | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | −1.48 | 0.14 |
| Post-sepsis characteristicsb | |||
| Mild to moderate cognitive impairment | 1.03 (0.60–1.76) | 0.10 | 0.92 |
| Total ADL/instrumental ADL impairments | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | 3.49 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations (in alphabetical order): ADL = Activities of Daily Living; HRS = Health and Retirement Study.
a
Adjusted for non-response propensity.
b
Since only 9 patients with moderate to severe cognitive impairment had a post-severe sepsis depression measure, the model omitted this covariate.