Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of analytic sample by hot flash status, SWAN
| Frequency of hot flashes |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| None | 1–5 d | ≥6 d | |
| n | 2262 | 575 | 227 |
| Age, yr (mean ± sd)c | 45.6 ± 2.6 | 46.2 ± 2.8 | 46.9 ± 2.8 |
| Racec | |||
| African-American | 539 (23.8) | 191 (33.2) | 93 (41.0) |
| Chinese | 192 (8.5) | 35 (6.1) | 13 (5.7) |
| Hispanic | 170 (7.5) | 57 (9.9) | 18 (7.9) |
| Japanese | 230 (10.2) | 38 (6.6) | 12 (5.3) |
| Caucasian | 1131 (50.0) | 254 (44.2) | 91 (40.1) |
| Educationc | |||
| ≤High school | 496 (22.1) | 168 (29.5) | 66 (29.3) |
| Some college | 666 (29.7) | 204 (35.8) | 96 (42.7) |
| ≥College graduate | 1078 (48.1) | 198 (34.7) | 63 (28.0) |
| Menopausal statusc | |||
| Premenopausal | 1323 (60.1) | 221 (39.0) | 78 (34.8) |
| Early perimenopausal | 879 (39.9) | 346 (61.0) | 146 (65.2) |
| BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± sd)c | 27.4 ± 6.9 | 28.9 ± 7.1 | 30.6 ± 7.4 |
| Current smokerc | 333 (14.9) | 115 (20.3) | 54 (23.8) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| <1 time/month | 948 (50.8) | 227 (55.0) | 87 (52.4) |
| ≥1 time/month to <2 times/wk | 524 (28.1) | 102 (24.7) | 47 (28.3) |
| ≥2 times/wk | 393 (21.1) | 87 (20.3) | 32 (19.3) |
| Physical activity score (mean ± sd)a | 7.7 ± 1.8 | 7.6 ± 1.7 | 7.5 ± 1.7 |
| Hypertension/antihypertensive medication usec | 364 (16.4) | 137 (24.3) | 66 (29.5) |
| Use of heart medications or anticoagulants | 36 (1.6) | 12 (2.1) | 6 (2.7) |
| Use of lipid-lowering medicationsc | 10 (0.4) | 3 (0.5) | 8 (3.5) |
| Depressive symptoms, median (IQR)c | 7.0 (3.0, 14.0) | 10.0 (5.0, 18.0) | 13.0 (6.0, 24.0) |
| Anxious symptoms, median (IQR)c | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) |
| E2 (pg/ml), median (IQR)b | 58.1 (34.2, 89.8) | 46.5 (31.8, 84.2) | 50.5 (27.5, 88.4) |
| FSH (mIU/ml), median (IQR)c | 15.1 (10.5, 24.5) | 17.2 (11.5, 29.0) | 22.1 (12.4, 46.9) |
| Glucose (mg/dl), median (IQR)c | 90.0 (86.0, 97.0) | 93.0 (86.0, 101.0) | 95.0 (87.0, 103.5) |
| HOMA index, median (IQR)c | 1.78 (1.28, 2.75) | 2.25 (1.46, 3.65) | 2.30 (1.52, 4.27) |
Data are presented as number (percentage), unless specified otherwise. Statistical comparisons were conducted using ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis for continuous variables, and χ2 and Fisher exact test for categorical variables; numbers may not add up to reflect the frequency of VMS due to different missing values at baseline.
a
P < 0.05;
b
P < 0.01;
c
P < 0.0001.