Table 2.

Relation between vasomotor symptoms and HOMA

	HOMA index
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Hot flashes
None‡	—	—	—
1–5 d	4.31 (2.21, 6.44)c	2.37 (0.36, 4.43)a	1.66 (−0.33, 3.70)
6+ d	9.66 (6.80, 12.59)c	5.82 (3.09, 8.63)c	4.31 (2.47, 7.99)b
Trend P value	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.002
Night sweats
None‡	—	—	—
1–5 d	4.51 (2.42, 6.65)c	3.11 (1.09, 5.16)b	2.78 (0.78, 4.82)b
6+ d	9.51 (6.26, 12.86)c	4.67 (1.59, 7.84)b	3.33 (0.30, 6.46)a
Trend P value	<0.0001	0.0003	0.004

Data are expressed as percentage difference (95% CI). HOMA index was log-transformed. Regression coefficients were back-transformed using the formula (100 * (exp^(β) − 1) to calculate percentage difference and 95% CI in level of HOMA for VMS group relative to no VMS. Model 1: adjusted for age and site; model 2: age, site, race, education, menopausal status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, anxiety, hypertension/antihypertensive medication use, lipid-lowering medication use, use of heart or anticoagulant medication, BMI; and model 3: model 2 plus E2_log.

^‡Reference group.

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.01;

^cP < 0.0001.