Table 5.

Estimates of models testing for the role of emotional variability and level in the development of adolescent psychopathology

PP	Emotion	Direct effects									Indirect effect
		PP T1 → PP T5			PP T1 → EV (EL)			EV (EL) → PP T5			PP T1 → EV (EL) → PP T5
		B	SE	β	B	SE	β	B	SE	β	B	SE	Β
Anxiety T5	Happy	0.49	0.05	0.48**	0.29 (−0.29)	0.06 (0.04)	0.24** (−0.38**)	0.13 (−0.11)	0.05 (0.07)	0.16** (−0.08)	0.04 (0.03)	0.02 (0.02)	0.04* (0.03)
	Angry	0.53	0.05	0.52**	0.33 (0.20)	0.06 (0.04)	0.26** (0.30**)	0.12 (−0.03)	0.05 (0.08)	0.15* (−0.02)	0.04 (−0.01)	0.02 (0.02)	0.04* (−0.01)
	Anxious	0.48	0.05	0.47**	0.27 (0.28)	0.06 (0.04)	0.25** (0.41)	0.12 (0.18)	0.06 (0.10)	0.13* (0.12)	0.03 (0.05)	0.02 (0.03)	0.03 (0.05)
	Sad	0.51	0.05	0.50**	0.36 (0.22)	0.08 (0.04)	0.29** (0.36**)	0.13 (0.05)	0.06 (0.10)	0.16* (0.03)	0.05 (0.01)	0.02 (0.02)	0.05* (0.01)
Depression T5	Happy	0.42	0.05	0.42**	0.11 (−0.13)	0.03 (0.02)	0.21** (−0.41**)	0.17 (−0.68)	0.12 (0.20)	0.09 (−0.21**)	0.02 (0.09)	0.02 (0.03)	0.02 (0.09**)
	Angry	0.44	0.06	0.44**	0.15 (0.12)	0.03 (0.02)	0.29** (0.42**)	0.18 (0.54)	0.13 (0.25)	0.09 (0.15*)	0.03 (0.07)	0.02 (0.03)	0.03 (0.07*)
	Anxious	0.38	0.06	0.38**	0.14 (0.14)	0.02 (0.02)	0.31** (0.49**)	0.02 (1.01)	0.15 (0.27)	0.01 (0.29**)	0.00 (0.14)	0.02 (0.04)	0.00 (0.14**)
	Sad	0.40	0.06	0.40**	0.16 (0.12)	0.03 (0.02)	0.30** (0.46**)	0.20 (0.80)	0.13 (0.31)	0.10 (0.20**)	0.03 (0.09)	0.02 (0.04)	0.03 (0.09**)
Aggressive Beh T5	Angry	0.64	0.05	0.58**	0.37(0.24)	0.06(0.04)	0.31**(0.37**)	0.05(0.25)	0.06(0.12)	0.04(0.15*)	0.01(0.06)	0.02(0.03)	0.01(0.06*)
	Anxious	0.65	0.05	0.59**	0.28(0.22)	0.05(0.04)	0.27**(0.34**)	0.08(0.20)	0.06(0.11)	0.07(0.11)	0.02(0.04)	0.02(0.03)	0.02(0.04)
	Sad	0.67	0.05	0.61**	0.33(0.18)	0.07(0.03)	0.27**(0.31**)	−0.02(0.28)	0.04(0.12)	−0.02(0.15*)	−0.01(0.05)	0.02(0.03)	0.00(0.01*)

T1 Annual home assessment at age 13. T5 Annual home assessment at age 14. PP Psychopathology. EV Emotional Variability. EL Emotion Level. Beh Behavior. *p < 0.01. ** p < 0.001.