Table 1.
Respiratory Alterations in IBD
| Respiratory function defects |
|---|
| • Restrictive |
| • Obstructive |
| • Hyperinflation |
| • BHR |
| • DLCO abnormality |
| Airways disease |
| • Glottic or subglottic stenosis |
| • Tracheal stenosis |
| • Chronic bronchitis |
| • COPD |
| • Bronchiectasis |
| • Bronchiolitis |
| • Asthma |
| Parenchymal disease |
| • Diffuse interstitial lung disease |
| • COP |
| • Pulmonary granulomatosis |
| • Pulmonary vasculitis |
| • Necrobiotic pulmonary nodules |
| Drug-induced pneumonitis |
Definition of abbreviations: BHR, bronchial hyperresponsiveness; COP, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DLCO, diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases.