Table 4.
Odds ratios for major complications (blood transfusion, surgery, and/or arterial embolization)
| N Total | N (%) with Major Complications | Unadjusted Analyses | Adjusted Analysesa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (CI) | P Value | Odds Ratio (CI) | P Value | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <18 | 715 | 2 (0.3) | 0.40 (0.10–1.70) | 0.46 (0.06–3.40) | ||
| 18–59 | 5609 | 39 (0.7) | 1.00 (ref) | <0.001 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.34 |
| ≥60 | 2964 | 47 (1.6) | 2.30 (1.50–3.50) | 1.20 (0.80–2.00) | ||
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | ||||||
| ≥60 | 3307 | 4 (0.1) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 30–59 | 2307 | 14 (0.6) | 5.00 (1.70–15.00) | <0.001 | 4.90 (1.60–14.00) | <0.001 |
| <30 | 3309 | 66 (2.0) | 16.80 (6.10–46.00) | 15.50 (5.60–43.00) | ||
| Systolic BP | ||||||
| <140 | 4141 | 27 (0.7) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 140–159 | 2476 | 24 (1.0) | 1.50 (0.86–2.60) | 0.001 | 1.10 (0.61–1.90) | 0.29 |
| ≥160 | 2127 | 32 (1.5) | 2.30 (1.40–3.90) | 1.30 (0.77–2.30) | ||
| Proteinuria (g/d) | ||||||
| 0.3–0.99 | 2435 | 18 (0.7) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 1–2.99 | 1933 | 23 (1.2) | 1.60 (0.87–3.00) | 0.28 | 1.60 (0.84–3.00) | 0.14 |
| ≥3.0 | 3154 | 33 (1.0) | 1.40 (0.80–2.50) | 1.60 (0.89–2.90) | ||
| Acute renal failure | ||||||
| Yes | 1723 | 30 (1.7) | 2.29 (1.50–3.60) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.69–1.80) | 0.48 |
| No | 7576 | 58 (0.8) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis | ||||||
| Yes | 314 | 3 (1.0) | 1.00 (0.31–3.20) | 0.99 | 1.70 (0.54–5.50) | 0.41 |
| No | 8974 | 85 (1.0) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Amyloidosis | ||||||
| Yes | 255 | 3 (1.2) | 1.21 (0.38–3.90) | 0.75 | 0.92 (0.28–3.00) | 0.88 |
| No | 6256 | 61 (1.0) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Needle size (gauge) | ||||||
| 14 | 858 | 5 (0.6) | 0.63 (0.25–1.60) | 0.79 (0.31–2.00) | ||
| 16 | 2146 | 25 (1.2) | 1.30 (0.78–2.10) | 0.55 | 1.40 (0.85–2.30) | 0.92 |
| 18 | 4998 | 46 (0.9) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Unknown | 744 | 6 (0.8) | 0.88 (0.37–2.10) | 0.93 (0.39–2.20) | ||
| Number of needle passes | ||||||
| 1 | 698 | 6 (0.9) | 1.60 (0.40–6.40) | 1.80 (0.44–7.10) | ||
| 2 | 557 | 3 (0.5) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.18 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.35 |
| 3 | 158 | 4 (2.5) | 4.80 (1.10–22.00) | 4.00 (0.87–18.00) | ||
| ≥4 | 56 | 1 (1.8) | 3.40 (0.34–33.00) | 2.80 (0.28–28.00) | ||
| Specialty | ||||||
| Nephrologist | 2975 | 22 (0.7) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Radiologist | 4766 | 50 (1.0) | 1.40 (0.86–2.40) | 0.17 | 1.10 (0.65–1.80) | 0.66 |
| Both | 1163 | 30 (2.6) | 1.50 (0.76–3.00) | 1.20 (0.58–2.30) | ||
| Center size (biopsies in study period) | ||||||
| ≥650 | 4873 | 32 (0.7) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| <650 | 4415 | 56 (1.3) | 1.90 (1.30–3.00) | 0.003 | 1.60 (1.02–2.50) | 0.04 |
CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated GFR.
a
Corrected for categories of age and eGFR. Age is only corrected for eGFR, and eGFR is only corrected for age.