Table 3.

Association of HBV infection with and without elevated ALT with reduced eGFR

	HBV Infection with ALT+ (n=81)		HBV Infection with ALT− (n=247)
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Using the Chinese eGFR Investigation Collaboration equation to estimate eGFR
And the 90th percentile as the ALT cutoff (28 U/L for women and 40 U/L for men)
Model 1	4.07 (1.18–14.0)	0.03	0.32 (0.04–2.33)	0.26
Model 2	4.59 (1.33–15.9)	0.02	0.34 (0.05–2.54)	0.29
And 1.3 times the AASLD ULN as the ALT cutoff (25 U/L for women and 39 U/L for men)
Model 1	3.41 (1.01–11.4)	0.05	0.33 (0.05–2.44)	0.28
Model 2	3.97 (1.17–13.5)	0.03	0.35 (0.05–2.62)	0.31
And the ALT cutoff adopted by NHANES III (31 U/L for women and 40 U/L for men)
Model 1	5.36 (1.56–18.4)	0.01	0.30 (0.04–2.22)	0.23
Model 2	5.55 (1.58–19.5)	0.01	0.33 (0.04–2.44)	0.28
Using MDRD equation to estimate eGFR and the 90th percentile as the ALT cutoff
Model 1	3.22 (1.08–9.58)	0.04	0.19 (0.03–1.35)	0.10
Model 2	3.40 (1.15–10.1)	0.03	0.21 (0.03–1.50)	0.12
Using CKD-EPI equation to estimate eGFR and the 90th percentile as the ALT cutoff
Model 1	5.66 (1.27–25.2)	0.02	0.40 (0.05–2.95)	0.37
Model 2	6.40 (1.32–31.1)	0.02	0.45 (0.06–3.43)	0.44

Logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios and the comparison group is non-HBV-infected persons. Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol levels, total cholesterol levels, and nephrolithiasis. Model 2: Adjusted as in for model 1, plus albuminuria. ALT+, ALT levels ≥ cutoffs; ALT−, ALT levels < cutoffs; reduced eGFR, eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m². HBV, hepatitis B virus; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated GFR; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Disease; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; NHANES III, Third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; ULN, the upper limit of normal; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study.