Table 2.

Compiled Mechanical Properties of Bulk Fiber Layers Mimicking the Mechanical Properties of the Superficial, Middle, Deep, and Bulk Cartilage Zones

Electrospun cartilage equivalent	Fiber size (μm)	Fiber orientation	Tensile modulus (MPa)	Tensile stress (MPa)
Superficial	1	Aligned	35±2	20±4
Middle	1	Random	12.4±4.4	7.4±0.7
Deep	5	Random	7±3.9	5.7±0.4
Trilaminar Composite	1–5	Multi	25±3	8.4±1

Tensile properties decreased within each zone with respect from superficial to deep based on the orientation and size of the fiber. Tensile testing of the trilaminar composite indicated mechanical properties between those of the individual layers.