Table 1.

Characteristics of the Study Population by the Level of Depressive Symptoms

	3 or more (N = 17)	1 or more (N = 37)	None (N = 41)
Age group, number (%)
60–69	4 (23.5)	9 (24.3)	11 (26.8)
70–79	7 (41.2)	17 (46)	25 (61)
80+	6 (35.3)	11 (29.7)	5 (12.2)
Sex, number (%)
Men	9 (53)	19 (51)	18 (44)
Women	8 (47)	18 (48)	23 (56)
Marital status, number (%)
Married	13 (76.5)	24 (66.7)	28 (77.8)
Single	0 (0)	1 (2.8)	0 (0)
Widowed	4 (23.5)	11 (30.6)	8 (22.2)
Number of children, number (%)
0–1	2 (11.8)	5 (13.5)	5 (12.2)
2–4	11 (64.8)	29 (70.3)	30 (73.2)
5 or more	4 (23.5)	6 (16.2)	6 (14.6)
People in the household, number (%)
1	9 (53)	19 (51.4)	12 (29.3)
2–3	7 (41.2)	17 (46)	27 (65.9)
4 or more	1 (5.9)	1 (2.7)	2 (4.9)
Country of origin, number (%)
Mainland	12 (70.6)	25 (67.6)	31 (75.6)
Hong Kong	4 (23.5)	11 (29.7)	7 (17)
Taiwan	1 (5.9)	1 (2.7)	1 (2.4)
Others	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (4.9)
Years in the United States, number (%)
1–10	3 (17.7)	8 (21.6)	8 (20)
11–20	5 (29.4)	14 (37.8)	18 (45)
21–30	5 (29.4)	8 (21.6)	10 (25)
31 or more	4 (23.5)	7 (18.9)	4 (10)
Ability to understand English, number (%)
Well or very well	0 (0)	1 (2.8)	2 (4.9)
Fair	1 (5.9)	1 (2.8)	0 (0)
Poor or very poor	16 (94.2)	34 (94.4)	38 (95.1)
Ability to speak English, number (%)
Well or very well	0 (0)	1 (2.7)	1 (2.5)
Fair	1 (5.9)	1 (2.7)	1 (2.5)
Poor or very poor	16 (94.2)	35 (94.6)	39 (95)
Overall health status, number (%)
Very good or excellent	4 (23.5)	8 (21.6)	10 (24.4)
Fair or good	13 (76.5)	27 (73)	30 (73.2)
Poor	0 (0)	2 (5.4)	1 (2.4)
Quality of life, number (%)
Good or very good	5 (29.4)	12 (32.4)	17 (41.2)
Fair	12 (70.6)	24 (64.9)	24 (58.8)
Poor or very poor	0 (0)	1 (2.7)	0 (0)
Change in health in the past year, number (%)
Improved or significantly improved	4 (23.5)	9 (24.3)	11 (26.8)
No change	8 (47)	19 (51.35)	22 (53.7)
Worse or significantly worse	5 (29.4)	9 (24.3)	8 (19.5)