Table 2.
Clinical presentation of all patients from studies
| References | Level of metastases | Clinical presentation | Preoperative mobility | Preoperative continence | Preoperative Angiotherapy Radiotherapy Chemotherapy |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gerszten et al. [32] | Sacral (103 levels) | Pain 336, progressive neurology 32 | N/A | N/A | 344/500 radiotherapy |
| 2 | Takayuki Akasu et al. [33] | 24 solitary pelvic, 12 pelvic mets, 8 distant mets | 15 no pain, 17 perineum pain, 7 buttock pain, 3 thigh pain, 2 leg pain | N/A | N/A | 13 pt radiotherapy |
| 3 | Nader et al. [28] | 18 S1,13 S2, 3 S3, 2 S4, L/S 4, SI 4, rest of the spine 10, extraspinal 13 | Motor 3 pt, sensory 8 pt, pain 18 pt | 16 mobile (2 independently) | 3 urine incontinence | N/A |
| 4 | Kollender et al. [2] | 2 mid sacrum, 2 left sacrum, 1 whole sacrum | Severe BP groin and leg pain, 9(64 %) bowel bladder dysfunction | N/A | 9 pt bowel bladder problems | All radiotherapy, 2 angio-embolisation. |
| 5 | Ozdemir et al. [10] | N/A | Pain 58.7 %, neurology 34.8 % | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 6 | Dozois et al. [34] | 6 S2, 2 S1, 1 L–S | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7 radio, 1 chemo |
| 7 | Fujibayashi et al. [35] | LS joint, sacrum | All had neurology and 4 severe BP, 1 mild BP | 3 Bedridden, 1 wheelchair, 1 independently | N/A | N/A |
| 8 | Zhang et al. [36] | M S1 and T12, L1, L2, L3, F S1 | M No neurology/severe back pain, F no neurology/severe back pain | Normal | Normal | M chemotherapy and radiotherapy, F nothing |
| 9 | Lee et al. [37] | Left sacrum, ilium | Left S1 reduced sensation/power (4/5), low back pain and left sciatica | N/A | N/A | No |
| 10 | Toro et al. [38] | Right S1–S5, left S1, S2 | N/A/severe back pain | Difficulty in walking, pain | N/A | No |
| 11 | Uemura et al. [39] | 1st left sacrum, 2nd right sacrum, (3 months after 1st procedure) | N/A/persisting severe back pain | N/A | N/A | Left angioembolisation and radiotherapy |
| 12 | Kakutani et al. [40] | Left S1, S2, S3, S4 left ilium | Back pain, left S1 radicular pain, weakness, dysuria, left thigh, calf dysaesthesia | N/A | Dysuria | No |
| 13 | Nebreda et al. [41] | Left S1, S2 left SIJ | Back pain and left thigh pain | Normal | Normal | Chemotherapy and cyberknife |
| 14 | Menegaz et al. [42] | L2–S1 | BP, right leg pain weakness and numbness, urinary incontinence, Cauda equina | Difficulty in walking | Urine incontinence | No |
| 15 | Turgut et al. [43] | L5–S1 | Weakness, hypaesthesia left L5–S1 | Difficulty in walking | Normal | No |
| 16 | Albareda et al. [44] | Lower sacrum (S4) | Asymptomatic | Normal | Normal | No |