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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Jul 20;36(9):1985–2006. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.003

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

A schematic to explain the competing effects of duration and timing of postnatal manipulation on performance in spatial/relational memory tasks is presented. Performance on these tasks is enhanced (+) when the duration of the manipulation is short (<1-hr). But, as the duration increases (≤1-hr), performance on the task is impaired (−). When the manipulation is not imposed during postnatal week 3, performance is impaired (−). But, performance is enhanced (+) if the timing of the manipulation includes postnatal week 3.