Table 6.
Summary of results of select studies on early life stress and unconditioned behaviors
| Procedure | Early Stress | Strain | Sex | Age | Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elevated plus maze (EPM) | Handling (15-min; PN1-21) | Wistar | ? | adult | decreased anxiety | Meerlo et al. 1999 |
| Handling (15-min; PN1-21) | SD | female | adult | decreased anxiety | Nunez et al 1995 | |
| Handling (15-min; PN1-21) | SD | male | adult | decreased anxiety | Vallee et al. 1997 | |
| Neonatal isolation (15-min; PN2-21) | Wistar | male | aged | decreased anxiety | Cannizzaro et al 2005 | |
| Neonatal isolation (15-min; PN2-21) | Wistar | male | adult | n.s. | Cannizzaro et al 2005 | |
| Neonatal isolation (1-hr/day; PN2-9) | SD | male | adult | Enhance stress-induced fear | Imanaka et al. 2006 | |
| Mat. Sep. (24-hr; PN3) | Wistar | female | adult | n.s. | Oomen et al 2011 | |
| Mat. Sep. (24-hr; PN3) | Wistar | both | adult | n.s. | Oomen et al 2010 | |
| Mat. Sep. (3-hr; PN2-21) | Wistar | male | adult | increased anxiety | Aisa et al 2007 | |
| Mat. Sep. (3-hr; PN3-10) | Wistar | both | adult | Increased anxiety | Wigger & Neumann 1999 | |
| Mat. Sep. (24-hr; PN4) | Wistar | both | adult | n.s. | Lehmann et al 1999 | |
| Mat. Sep. (24-hr; PN9) | Wistar | both | adult | n.s. | Lehmann et al 1999 | |
| Mat. Sep. (24-hr; PN18) | Wistar | both | adult | n.s. | Lehmann et al 1999 | |
| Cort (PN1-21) | Wistar | male | aged | decreased anxiety | Catalani et al 2000 | |
| Cort (PN1-21) | Wistar | female | adult | n.s. | Catalani et al 2002 | |
| Limited nesting (PN2-PN9) | SD | male | adult | n.s. | Brunson et al 2005 | |
|
| ||||||
| Open field (OF) | Handling (3-min; PN1-10) | Wister | male? | adult | increased center time; activity | Madruga et al 2006 |
| Handling (2-min; PN1-21) | Maudsley | female | adult | n.s. | Powell & North-Jones 1974 | |
| Handling (10-min; PN1-22) | SD | male | adult | increased activity | Pham et al. 1997 | |
| Handling (15-min; PN2-14) | Lister | female | adult | n.s. | Stevenson et al 2009 | |
| Handling (15-min; PN1-21) | Wistar | ? | adult | n.s. | Meerlo et al. 1999 | |
| Handling (15-min; PN1-21) | SD | female | adult | increased activity | Nunez et al 1995 | |
| Handling (15-min; PN1-22) | SD | males | adult | n.s. | Nunez et al 1996 | |
| Handling (15-min; PN1-21) | SD | males | adult | n.s. | Vallee et al. 1997 | |
| Neonatal isolation (15-min; PN2-21) | Wistar | male | aged | increased activity | Cannizzaro et al 2005 | |
| Neonatal isolation (15-min; PN2-21) | Wistar | male | adult | increased activity | Cannizzaro et al 2005 | |
| Handling (15-min*3/day; PN4-21) | Long-E | both | adult | n.s. | Gibb & Kolb 2005 | |
| Neonatal isolation (1-hr/day; PN2-9) | SD | both | adult | n.s. | Kosten et al 2005 | |
| Neonatal isolation (1-hr/day; PN2-9) | SD | males | adult | n.s. | Imanaka et al. 2006 | |
| Mat. Sep. (3-hr; PN1-10) | Wister | male? | adult | n.s. | Madruga et al 2006 | |
| Mat. Sep. (3-hr; PN2-21) | Wistar | male | adult | n.s. | Aisa et al 2007 | |
| Mat. Sep. (3-hr; PN2-21) | Wistar | male | adult | n.s. | Solas et al 2010 | |
| Mat. Sep. (3-hr; PN2-21) | Wistar | male | aged | n.s. | Solas et al 2010 | |
| Neonatal isolation (4-hr; PN5-11) | SD | male | adult | greater center time | Toth et al. 2008 | |
| Mat. Sep. (6-hr; PN2-14) | Lister | female | adult | n.s. | Stevenson et al 2009 | |
| Mat. Sep (12-hr; PN9 and PN11) | Wistar | male | adult | n.s. | Garner et al 2007 | |
| Mat. Sep. (24-hr; PN4) | Wistar | both | adult | n.s. | Lehmann et al 1999 | |
| Mat. Sep. (24-hr; PN9) | Wistar | both | adult | n.s. | Lehmann et al 1999 | |
| Mat. Sep. (24-hr; PN18) | Wistar | both | adult | n.s. | Lehmann et al 1999 | |