Table 1.

Mean differences between substance users and non-clinical comparison on early maladaptive schemas

	Substance users (n = 180)	Non-clinical comparison (n = 284)
Schema	M (SD)	M (SD)	F	p	d
Emotional deprivation	10.02 (12.47)	5.10 (9.45)	7.22	<0.01	0.44
Abandonment	35.81 (28.71)	12.74 (19.30)	60.15	<0.001	0.94
Mistrust/abuse	34.77 (26.92)	15.14 (20.94)	49.01	<0.001	0.81
Social isolation	12.80 (15.97)	6.33 (12.09)	9.21	<0.01	0.45
Defectiveness	19.41 (23.50)	5.82 (12.45)	27.20	<0.001	0.72
Failure	13.87 (16.75)	5.61 (12.09)	14.01	<0.001	0.56
Dependence	22.66 (24.03)	6.03 (11.85)	45.88	<0.001	0.87
Vulnerability	14.66 (16.70)	7.02 (11.96)	13.53	<0.001	0.52
Enmeshment	15.96 (17.05)	3.79 (8.02)	74.86	<0.001	0.91
Entitlement	18.06 (16.17)	10.35 (12.65)	22.85	<0.001	0.53
Insufficient self-control	40.05 (23.44)	10.07 (15.13)	178.25	<0.001	1.51
Subjugation	15.17 (16.77)	6.22 (10.63)	29.04	<0.001	0.63
Self-sacrifice	41.28 (26.06)	35.61 (24.21)	0.78	>0.05	0.22
Emotion inhibition	13.15 (13.51)	7.55 (11.48)	14.15	<0.001	0.44
Unrelenting standards	26.25 (22.86)	29.49 (23.13)	2.45	>0.05	0.14
Approval seeking	24.49 (21.87)	15.56 (18.54)	9.79	<0.01	0.44
Negativity/pessimism	22.11 (18.51)	11.81 (15.83)	15.29	<0.001	0.59
Punitiveness	27.78 (19.27)	17.12 (18.08)	18.23	<0.001	0.57