Table 1.
Characteristics of adult participants with self-reported diabetes mellitus (n=136)
| Variable | Number (percentage) or mean±SD |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.6±11.5 |
| Age distribution (%) | |
| 21–39 | 6 (4.4) |
| 40–59 | 46 (33.8) |
| 60–79 | 84 (61.8) |
| Women (%) | 81 (59.6) |
| High school education or more (%) | 81 (59.6) |
| Annual household income < $20,000 (%) | 90 (66.2) |
| Health insurance (%) | |
| Private | 90 (66.2) |
| Public | 37 (27.2) |
| None | 9 (6.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.8±6.4 |
| BMI distribution (%) | |
| <25.0 | 8 (5.9) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 60 (44.1) |
| ≥30.0 | 68 (50.0) |
| Waist circumference (inches) | 39.7±5.2 |
| Waist circumference distribution (%) | |
| ≥40 inches in men and ≥35 inches in women | 88 (64.7) |
| <40 inches in men and <35 inches in women | 48 (35.3) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.9±0.1 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio distribution (%) | |
| >0.85 in men and >0.90 in women | 115 (84.6) |
| ≤0.85 in men and ≤0.90 in women | 21 (15.4) |
| Current drinking | 29 (21.3) |
| Age at DM diagnosis (years) | 51.8±12.8 |
| Type of DM treatment | |
| Insulin only | 11 (8.1) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents only | 88 (64.7) |
| Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents | 18 (13.2) |
| Dietary lifestyles | 19 (14.0) |
| History of hypertension (%) | 101 (74.3) |
| History of dyslipidemia (%) | 92 (67.7) |
| History of coronary heart disease (%) | 21 (15.4) |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 110 (80.9) |
| Family history of DM (%) | 103 (75.7) |
| Fasting total cholesterol, md/dL | 183.6±41.8 |
| Fasting LDL-C, mg/dL | 107.8±40.4 |
| Fasting HDL-C, mg/dL Women Men |
48.8±9.6 45.0±14.0 |
| Fasting triglycerides, mg/dL | 153.3±86.0 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 175.8±79.9 |
| Fasting HbA1c A1C, % | 8.6±2.3 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 129.2±20.8 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 74.4±10.9 |
| Urinary albumin excretion, µg/g* | 17.3 (9.0, 53.3) |
| Overall health status fair or poor (%) | 85 (62.5) |
*
Median and 25th and 75th percentiles; BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c