Figure 6.

A qualitative model showing the two competing Aβ aggregation processes (pathways). The hairpin formation and β-sheet stacking process of the partially folded β-sheet structures is slow because the corresponding energy barrier is high. This process is significantly affected by temperature. In contrast, the amorphous aggregation process is a relatively fast process and largely governed by the colloidal stability of the partially folded structures or oligomeric species, which are in turn affected by copper binding and pH change.