Table 1 . Primers and thermal program.

Primers	5′→3′	Thermal Program
tolC forward	CGACAAACCACAGCCGGTTA	95° for 6 min	1 cycle
tolC reverse	CAGCGAGAAGCTCAGGCCA	95° for 30 s	Repeat for 35 cycles
traI forward	GCCATTCATCTTGCCCTTCC	50° for 30 s
traI reverse	GCATGACCGCCTCCTTACC	Plate read
M13 forward	TTGTTCCTTTCTATTCTCACTCC	72° for 25 s
M13 reverse	CACCCTCAGAACCGCCACC