Table 2 . Parameter values used in simulation.

Physical Property	Parameter	Value
Maximum cell growth rate	ψMAX	0.035 min−1
Maximum conjugation rate	γMAX	3×10−10 mL cell−1 min−1
Maximum phage infection rate	βMAX	3×10−11 mL phage−1 min−1
Maximum phage production rate	${\psi }_{P_{MAX}}$	6 phages cell−1 min−1
Concentration of Resource when rate is half-maximum	Q	1 a.u.
Resource consumption per cell division	e	3.5×10−8 a.u. mL cell−1
Cell carrying capacity	K	3×109 cells mL−1
Phage carrying capacity	KP	4×1011 phages mL−1
Delay in transconjugant cells becoming donor cells	λT	1/90 min−1
Delay in (infected) exhausted donor cells becoming (infected) donor cells	λX	1/30 min−1
Delay in newly infected cells becoming phage producing infected cells	λN	1/30 min−1
Penalty factor of cell growth rate due to infection	Pψ	0.6
Penalty factor of conjugation rate due to infection	Pλ	0.1

a.u., arbitrary unit.