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S. Typhimurium and S. Typhi possess partly overlapping and a partly distinct repertoire of virulence factors. Both serovars express the type III secretion system, lipopolysaccharide, and other surface polysaccharides, fimbrae, flagellin, and bacterial DNA. The Vi antigen is exclusively expressed by S. Typhi and is able to circumvent the innate immune response by repressing flagellin and LPS expression. SPI, Salmonella pathogenicity islands.
