Table 4. Expected number of maternal and neonatal deaths and stillbirths for a hypothetical cohort of pregnant women corresponding to 1,000 births in Sub-Saharan Africa and the proportion of live-born infants expected to be low birth weight or premature.
| Maternal deaths per 1000 Total Births [1] ¥ | Stillbirths per 1000 Total Births [44] | Early neonatal deaths per 1000 Total Births [1] ¥ | Late neonatal deaths per 1000 Total Births [1] ¥ | % LBW† | % <37 wks† | |
| Central Africa | ||||||
| Angola | 3.3(2.1–4.5) | 25.1(12–54) | 28.0(24–33) | 10.2(8.0–13) | — | — |
| Central African Republic | 6.7(5.0–8.6) | 24.2(12–49) | 31.5(27–37) | 12.9(11–16) | — | — |
| Congo (Brazzaville) | 12.4 (—) | 16.7 (—) | ||||
| Congo (Dem Republic) | 4.7(3.6–5.9) | 25.6(14–55) | 24.4(21–28) | 8.2(6.7–9.7) | 20.0 (10.5–34.2) | 2.3 (—) |
| Equatorial Guinea | 2.1(1.3–3.2) | 16.9 (8–36) | 35.1(29–42) | 15.1(12–19) | — | — |
| Gabon | 4.2 (3.1–5.4) | 17.3 (9–38) | 22.4 (19–26) | 3.9 (3.1–5) | 10.5 (10.3–10.7) | 20.2 (19.1–21.3) |
| East Africa | ||||||
| Burundi | 8.7(6.1–11) | 27.7(15–61) | 19.1(16–22) | 9.3(7.6–11) | — | — |
| Comoros | 2.6(1.9–3.7) | 27.0(14–59) | 21.3(19–24) | 8.4(7.1–9.7) | — | — |
| Djibouti | 3.5(2.5–4.8) | 33.9(15–55) | 17.4(15–20) | 5.4(4.4–6.7) | — | — |
| Eritrea | 10.6(8.1–13) | 21.2(11–49) | 17.0(15–20) | 4.6(3.6–5.9) | — | — |
| Ethiopia | 5.2(3.8–6.6) | 25.6(15–52) | 24.3(21–28) | 8.5(6.9–10) | 9.7 (6.3–20.3) | 13.5 (11.6–15.3) |
| Kenya | 2.9(2.2–3.6) | 21.8(14–38) | 18.6(17–21) | 4.9(4.3–5.5) | 9.7 (7.9–18.0) | 11.3 (3.4–19.1) |
| Madagascar | 4.2(3.3–5.2) | 20.6(15–36) | 14.0(13–16) | 4.8(4.3–5.4) | — | 18.1 (—) |
| Malawi | 4.1(3.1–5.3) | 23.7(17–35) | 20.1(17–23) | 6.4(5.5–7.7) | 15.1 (13.3–18.3) | 17.5 (17.3–17.6) |
| Mozambique | 5.0(3.7–6.5) | 28.4(17–51) | 27.1(24–31) | 10.5(9.0–12) | 16.2 (—) | 15.4 (—) |
| Rwanda | 3.3(2.2–4.8) | 22.8(16–36) | 19.3(17–22) | 5.8(4.9–6.7) | — | — |
| Somalia | 4.6(3.2–6.3) | 30.1(15–64) | 16.5(14–19) | 9.5(7.8–12) | — | — |
| Sudan | 2.7(2.0–3.5) | 23.9(17–40) | 20.1(17–23) | 7.2(6.0–8.8) | 14.9 (8.3–18.0) | 5.7 (—) |
| Tanzania | 4.1(3.3–5.0) | 25.6(19–40) | 18.0(16–20) | 5.7(5.1–6.4) | 14.2 (8.6–22.4) | 8.3 (7.9–10.0) |
| Uganda | 2.7(2.0–3.4) | 24.8(19–36) | 20.6(18–23) | 5.9(5.1–6.8) | 9.6 (6.4–37.1) | 20.3 (—) |
| Zambia | 2.9(2.2–3.8) | 25.5(18–40) | 17.2(15–19) | 8.5(7.4–9.6) | — | — |
| Southern Africa | ||||||
| Botswana | 5.1(3.6–6.8) | 16.2 (9–37) | 14.8(12–18) | 3.4(2.4–4.6) | 13.0 (—) | 20.1 (—) |
| Lesotho | 2.3(1.7–3.2) | 25.2(14–54) | 20.4(27–34) | 8.1(6.7–9.7) | — | — |
| Namibia | 1.3(1.0–1.8) | 15.0(11–35) | 18.5(16–21) | 4.1(3.2–5.3) | — | — |
| South Africa | 0.9(0.7–1.2) | 20.4(14–31) | 10.6(10–12) | 3.4(3.1–3.8) | 14.7 (13.8–16.3) | — |
| Swaziland | 2.8(2.0–3.7) | 18.2(11–36) | 18.1(15–21) | 5.0(3.8–6.6) | — | — |
| Zimbabwe | 3.2(2.3–4.6) | 20.0(13–35) | 16.2(14–19) | 5.9(4.5–7.6) | 14.1 (6.0–20.3) | 17.3 (—) |
| West Africa | ||||||
| Benin | 3.2(2.5–4.1) | 24.3(17–41) | 22.8(20–26) | 5.8(4.8–6.9) | 15.7 (10.0–17.8) | — |
| Burkina Faso | 3.4(2.8–4.1) | 26.2(19–40) | 24.8(21–30) | 13.1(10–16.5) | 12.2 (—) | — |
| Cameroon* | 5.2(4.0–6.7) | 25.6(13–54) | 25.2(22–29) | 7.8(5.9–9.6) | 16.4 (9.6–20.3) | 20.3 (—) |
| Cape Verde | 1.3(0.9–1.7) | 15.6 (8–34) | 10.8(9.0–13) | 3.0(2.4–3.8) | 8.2 (—) | 13.4 (—) |
| Chad* | 5.9(4.8–7.1) | 29.2(14–64) | 30.8(27–36) | 13.7(11–16) | — | — |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 4.4(3.3–5.8) | 27.4(14–45) | 26.2(22–30) | 10.3(7.9–13) | 10.6 (—) | — |
| The Gambia | 2.7(1.9–3.5) | 26.0(14–53) | 22.4(19–26) | 7.3(5.6–9.4) | 18.6 (13.3–23.9) | 21.4 (12.3–30.5) |
| Ghana | 3.2(2.4–4.0) | 22.0(14–37) | 19.8(17–22) | 4.7(4.0–5.6) | 16.4 (13.3–20.3) | 14.1 (—) |
| Guinea | 6.5(5.1–7.9) | 23.8(16–48) | 28.5(25–33) | 10.3(8.4–13) | — | — |
| Guinea-Bissau | 8.2(6.3–10) | 29.6(16–62) | 30.9(26–36) | 13.8(11–17) | 13.3 (11.8–14.7) | — |
| Liberia | 8.8(7.1–10) | 26.9(14–56) | 23.5(21–26) | 7.6(6.5–9.0) | — | — |
| Mali | 4.1(3.2–5.1) | 23.2(18–42) | 32.7(27–38) | 12.1(9.7–15) | 18.6 (—) | 5.3 (—) |
| Mauritania | 5.4(4–7.0) | 27.4(17–51) | 24.7(21–29) | 6.3(4.8–8) | — | — |
| Niger | 5.1(4.1–6.2) | 22.9(17–41) | 20.0(17–24) | 11.6(9.6–14) | — | — |
| Nigeria | 4.7(3.8–5.6) | 41.7(25–72) | 27.5(24–32) | 9.9(8.3–11) | 12.2 (5.5–29) | 13.5 (10.6–19.4) |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 2.6(3.3–3.3) | 21.0(11–48) | 16.7(15–19) | 4.1(3.5–4.7) | — | — |
| Senegal | 3.6(2.7–4.5) | 33.8(27–50) | 18.8(16–22) | 6.6(5.3–7.9) | 10.3 (9.5–18.8) | — |
| Sierra Leone | 6.0(4.7–7.4) | 30.0(16–66) | 26.3(23–30) | 9.0(7.5–11) | — | — |
| Togo | 3.9(2.6–5.5) | 25.0(13–54) | 26.7(23–31) | 6.9(5.6–8.7) | — | 11.1 (—) |
¥
Maternal and neonatal deaths were expressed as a fraction of total births by multiplying the maternal mortality ratio (maternal deaths/live births) and the neonatal mortality ratio (neonatal deaths/live birth) by 1 minus the stillbirth rate [44].
†
For % LBW and % <37 wks, the median and range for all studies performed in the specified country are presented.
*
Note –UN Data classifies Cameroon and Chad as falling within the Middle Africa sub-region rather than the West Africa sub-region. However, in this table these countries are kept within the West Africa sub-region to maintain congruity with global burden of disease publications.